human language, in particular how to program computers to process and analyse large amounts of natural language data. To enable the capability to “understand” the contents of documents, including the contextual nuances of the language within them. The technology can then accurately extract information and insights contained in the documents as well as categorize and organize the documents themselves. NLP is an enabling technology. NLP is used to analyse the meaning of text and speech, and to generate responses that are appropriate and relevant to the conversation.
The bots that most of us are already familiar with are the chatbots which appear (pop up) on websites to assist us with our orders or completion of tasks. These chatbots or chatterbots are software applications used to conduct an online chat or conversation via text or text-to-speech, in lieu of providing direct contact with a live human or human agent.
Chatbots
There are two types of chatbots: rule-based and machine learning-based. Rule-based chatbots use a pre-defined set of rules to respond to user queries, while machine learning-based chatbots use algorithms to learn from user interactions and improve their responses over time.
Rule-based chatbots use pre-set rules and data and have limited conversation capability and typically require continuous addition of rules and data with related human tuning and testing. Basic chatbots cannot learn and typically only have the capacity to complete a limited number of tasks like answering frequently asked questions (FAQ’s). These are the chatbots that you would already familiar with.
Machine learning based chatbots use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with conversational AI to enhance their ability to understand human language to provide both transactional functionality and informational capabilities. Conversational AI is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can simulate human conversation. It is made possible by natural language processing (NLP), a field of AI that allows computers to understand and process human language. Conversational AI works by using a combination of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML).
Conversational AI systems are trained on large amounts of data, such as text and speech. This data is used to teach the system how to understand and process human language. The system then uses this knowledge to interact with humans in a natural way. It’s constantly learning from its interactions and improving its response quality over time.
ChatGPT is an advanced type of chatbot, a conversational (AI) chatbot, developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022. ChatGPT is a member of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) family of language models, hence its name.
OpenAI trained a model called ChatGPT enabled it to interact in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.
AI and ML models require extensive training and fine- tuning to reach a level of acceptable performance; however, learning is a continuous process.
The training of ChatGPT is a three-part process:
1. It learns itself how to generate text. 2. It gets some guidance from humans. 3. It gets feedback from humans for “fine tuning”.
Although the core function of a chatbot is to mimic a human conversationalist, ChatGPT is extremely versatile as it can write and debug computer programs, write business pitches, compose music, write songs, write scripts, write poetry, write student essays, answer test questions, translate and summarize text.
What are ChatGPT’s limitations? Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitations. Such limitations include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a specific way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the responses it delivers -- which can sometimes be plausible-sounding but make no practical sense or can be excessively verbose.
Instead of asking for clarification on ambiguous questions, the model just guesses what your question means, which can lead to unintended responses to questions.
Critics argue that these tools are just very good at putting words into an order that makes sense from a statistical point of view, but they cannot understand the meaning or know whether the statements it makes are correct.
People are expressing concerns about AI chatbots replacing or atrophying human intelligence. For example, the chatbot can write an article on any topic efficiently (though not necessarily accurately) within seconds, potentially eliminating the need for a human writer.
ChatGPT produces content that can appear to have been created by a human. There are many proposed uses for the technology, but its impressive capabilities raise important questions about ownership of the content.
“ChatGPT is scary good. We are not far from dangerously strong AI,”
- Elon Musk - The Report • June 2023 • Issue 104 | 53
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