The following vowels are likely to be much shorter before a voiceless consonant and much longer before voiced consonants. It will also help to make the voiced consonant softer (i.e. with less muscular effort and less air).
The length difference will not be as big between the following short vowel sounds: Vowel Shorter Vowel Longer Vowel Vowel Shorter Vowel Longer Vowel /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/
lit set cook /lɪt/ /sԑt/ /kʊk/ lid said /lɪd/ /sԑd/ could /kʊd/
/ʌ/ /ɒ/
pup cot
/pʌp/ /kɒt/
pub cod
/pʌb/ /kɒd/
We change the length of /l/, /n/, and /m/ before voiceless/voiced consonants: Consonant /l/
Shorter kilt /n/ /m/ sent /kɪlt/ /sԑnt/ Longer
killed send
/kɪld/ /sԑnd/ dreamt /drԑmt/ dreamed* /driːmd/
* It is impossible to find a minimal pair with /m/ after voiceless/voiced consonants. Note that either dreamt or dreamed can be used as the past tense of to dream. The spelling dreamed can alternatively also be pronounced as /drɛmt/.
You may also want to practise with the /p/-/b/, /t/-/d/, /k/-/g/, and /ʧ/-/ʤ/ comparison worksheets. Now practise with the Vowel Length before Consonants Reading Passage