INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed at Chicago, on 7 December 1944 (Chicago Convention) for the purposes of promoting the safe and orderly development of civil aviation. ICAO consists of 192 Contracting States. ICAO’s business is conducted by a Council supported by a number of standing committees, one of which is the Committee for Unlawful Interference. This Committee develops security standards and recommended practices on behalf of the Council that are then published in Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention.
Agreements reached at five international conventions have provided the basis for most of the aviation security measures now in place around the world. These were:
The Tokyo Convention (1963) ratified jurisdiction of offenses committed on board international flights as well as clarifying the Aircraft Commander’s powers in respect of such offenses.
The Hague Convention (1970) recognized unlawful seizure of an aircraft as a serious offence and Contracting States undertook to prosecute perpetrators of such offence.
The Montreal Convention (1971) at which the range of offenses relating to the safety of aircraft was increased. New offenses included violence against people on board and damage to aircraft and navigational facilities.
The Montreal Protocol (1988) was a protocol for the suppression of acts of unlawful interference on people at airports.
The Montreal Convention (1991) was adopted for the purposes of marking plastic explosives so as to facilitate their detection. It applies mainly to countries that manufacture explosives. (Note: This is not yet applicable to Macao)
The European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) is an intergovernmental organization which was established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Council of Europe. Founded in 1955 with 19 Member States at the time, ECAC counts today 44 members, including all 27 EU, 30 of the 31 European Aviation Safety Agency and all 39 EUROCONTROL Member States. ECAC “promotes the continued development of a safe, efficient and sustainable European air transport system. In doing so, it seeks to harmonize civil aviation policies and practices amongst its Member States and promote understanding on policy matters between its Member States and other parts of the world”.
Business Aviation & Personal Security 6
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42
