Appendix | GLOSSARY
N
Nautical mile - a distance of 6076 feet, equaling one minute of the earth’s latitude. Navigational charts - navigational charts are essential maps for safe sea travel, offering details on water depths, coastlines, hazards, and aids to navigation (ATONS) produced in paper or electronic formats. Navigation Rules - laws established to prevent collisions on the water. No-Sail (No-Go) Zone - an area into the wind in which a boat cannot produce power to sail.
Nun - a red, even-numbered, cone-shaped buoy marking the right side of a channel as you return to port. Nuns are usually paired with cans.
O
Offshore wind - wind blowing off (away from) the land. Offshore - away from or out of sight of land. Off the wind - sailing downwind. On the wind - sailing upwind, close-hauled. Outboard - 1. - outside the rail of a boat. 2. - a portable engine. Outhaul - the controlling line attached to the clew of a mainsail used to tension the foot of the sail. Overpowered - a boat that is heeling too far because it has too much sail up for the amount of wind. Overtaking - a boat that is catching up to another boat and about to pass it.
P
Pay out - to ease a line. Performance level icon – Icon located on a life jacket inside label that indicates USCG approval for specific types of use. Standardized across the U.S. and Canada Pinching - sailing too close to the wind. Pintle - small metal extensions on a rudder that slides into a gudgeon on the transom. The gudgeon/pintle fitting allows the rudder to swing back and forth.
PIW - abbreviation for “Person in Water” in a man overboard emergency.
Point - to steer close to the wind. Points of sail - boat directions in relation to wind direction, i.e., close-hauled, beam reaching, broad reaching, and running.
Port - 1. - the left side of a boat when facing forward. 2. - a harbor. 3. - a window in a cabin on a boat.
Port tack - sailing on any point of sail with the wind coming over the port side of the boat.
Prevailing wind - typical or consistent wind conditions.
Puff - an increase in wind speed for a short duration. Pull-cord starter – pull-handle with cord to start an outboard.
Pulpit - a stainless steel guardrail at the bow and stern of some boats. Push mode - with the wind coming from behind, the sail is simply pushed forward through the water. Pushpit - a stainless steel guardrail at the stern of some boats.
Push-pull principle - the explanation of how sails generate power.
Q
Quarter - the sides of the boat near the stern. Quick-stop rescue - a maneuver used to return to a person or object in the water.
R
Rail - the outer edges of the deck. Rake - the angle of the mast. Range - the alignment of two objects that indicate the middle of a channel.
Reach - one of several points of sail across the wind. “Ready about” - the command given to the crew to prepare to tack. “Ready to jibe” - the command given to the crew to prepare to jibe. Red Beacon - a triangular, even-numbered, red sign mounted to a piling that marks the right side of a channel when returning from sea.
Reef - to reduce the size of a sail. Reefing “cringle” - A metal eye in a sail through which reefing lines are run.
Reeve - to pass a line through a cringle or block. Rhumb line - a straight course between two points. Rig - 1. - the design of a boat’s mast(s), standing rigging, and sail plan. 2. - to prepare a boat to go sailing. Rigging - the wires and lines used to support and control sails. Right-of-way - the right of the stand-on vessel to hold its course.
Roach - the sail area aft of a straight line running from the head to the clew of a sail.
Rode - line and chain attached from the boat to the anchor.
Roller furling - a mechanical system to roll up a headsail (jib) around the headstay. Rudder - the underwater fin that is controlled by the tiller to deflect water and steer the boat.
Run - (point of sail) sailing with the wind coming directly behind the boat. Running rigging - lines and hardware used to control the sails.
S
Sail cover - the protective cover used to preserve sails when they are not in use. Sail ties - pieces of line or webbing used to tie the mainsail to the boom when reefing or storing the sail. Sailing in the groove – the optimal sailing angle to the wind for making best progress to windward. Schooner - a two-masted boat whose foremast is usually shorter than its mainmast.
Scope - the ratio of the amount of anchor rode deployed to the distance from the bow to the bottom.
Scull - to propel a boat by swinging the rudder back and forth. Scupper - cockpit or deck drain. Sea breeze - a wind that blows over the sea and onto the land. Seacock - a valve which opens and closes a hole through the hull for saltwater needed on board or discharge.
Secure - make safe or cleat. Set - 1. - the direction of a current. 2. - to trim the sails.
Shackle - a metal fitting at the end of a line used to attach the line to a sail or another fitting. Shake out - to remove a reef and restore the full sail. Sheave - the rotating wheel inside a block or fitting. Sheet - 1. - (noun) the line which is used to control the sail by easing it out or trimming it in. 2. - (verb) to trim a sail.
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