JUNIOR CYCLE HISTORY Church of Ireland 196


Churchill, Winston (1874–1965) 265, 375, 386, 403 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) 408 circumnavigation 124 Circus Maximus 56 cist graves 32, 34 cite 11, 13 citizens 50, 64 Civil Rights Act (1964) 422 civil rights movements in Northern Ireland 305–6, 316 in the US (CRM) 422


Civil War (1922–1923) 267–71 legacy of 271 Claidheamh Soluis, An 230, 236, 256 Clare County 18 Clarke, Thomas 251 Clemenceau, Georges 332 Clement VII, Pope 151 Clonmacnoise 38, 39, 42 Clonycavan Man 22 Cobh, County Cork 265, 280 coins, Viking 90 Cold War 401–5, 420, 428 causes 402–3 end of 414–16 collectivisation 340 Colley, George 294


Collins, Michael (1890–1922) 259–1, 264–5, 267–9, 270


Collins, Michael (astronaut) 421 Colmcille, St 43 colonisation 129–30, 131, 132 Colosseum, Rome 57 Columbanus, St 43 ‘Columbian exchange, The’ 130, 132


Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506) 122–3, 124 Comecon 412 Cominform 412 commemorations 257 Commission on the Status of Women 325


Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 432, 437


Common Law 95 common market 432 commons 68, 86 communism 337, 365, 402 collapse of 415 see also Russia


compass 117, 118, 132 Compulsory Tillage Scheme 282 concentration camps 394–6 liberation 396


Conditions of Employment Act (1936) 323 conferratio 54, 64 Connolly, James 251, 253, 255 Conquistadores 125–8, 132 Conscription Crisis 258 conservation 23, 25 Constantine, Emperor 61 Constantinople, fall of (1453) 98, 116


constitution 175, 178 see also Bunreacht na hÉireann; Free State constitution constitutional nationalists 231, 240 containment policy 403, 406, 410–11 contraceptive pill 425 convents 38 Copernicus, Nicolaus 111 corbelled roof 19, 25 Cortés, Hernán (1485–1547) 125–7 Cosgrave, Liam 310 Cosgrave, W. T. 259, 271, 279 cottiers 217, 218, 229 Coughlan, Mary


325


Council of Europe 429 Council of Ireland 310 Council of Trent (1545–1563) 143, 146


Counter-Reformation 140, 141, 142–3, 146


court cairns 30 Courts of Inquisition 142, 147 craftsmen 77, 90, 94 crannógs 33 cremations 28, 34, 61 Croatia 434 Croke, Thomas, Archbishop 238 Crompton, Samuel 224 Cromwell, Oliver 159, 160, 195 Cross of Cong 41 Cuban Missile Crisis 408–9


Cuban Revolution 408 cultural nationalism 236 Cumann na mBan 255, 321 Cumann na nGaedheal 271, 279 curfew 75, 76, 86 Currie, Austin 305 Cusack, Michael 238 Custom House, Dublin 263 customs duties 429 Cyprus 434 Czech Republic 434 Czechoslovakia 334, 364, 366, 402


D


da Vinci, Leonardo see Leonardo da Vinci Dachau concentration camp 395 Dáil Éireann 259 First 259–60


Dark Ages 43 dates 9 Davin, Maurice 238 Davitt, Michael 233 D-Day landings 382, 402 de Clare, Richard (Strongbow) 91, 92 De Gasperi, Alcide 428 de Gaulle, Charles 433, 436


de Valera, Éamon (1892–1975) 258–9, 263, 265, 268, 279, 285, 288, 292


Declaration of Independence, Irish 259


Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 179, 182, 185 decommissioning of weapons 315 dehumanisation 390 democracy 191, 193 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) 308, 315 dendrochronology 21, 25 Denham, Susan 325 Denmark 433 depopulation, rural 292 Derrynaflan Chalice 41 Desmond Rebellions 155, 156 Deutschmark 404 Devlin, Bernadette 305 Devoy, John 233 Dias, Bartolomeu 121 dictatorship 341, 349 Diet of Worms (1521) 139 diseases 82, 208, 219 see also Black Death


dissenters 196, 205 DNA testing 22, 27 dole 51, 64 dolmens 30 dominion 265 domus 51, 52, 64 Downing Street Declaration (1993) 314 Dresden 382 Druids 33, 37, 47 Dublin


Black Death 94 Blackpitts 94 events in medieval Dublin 94 Fair Green 94


housing/living conditions 208 industries 207, 214 inside the walls 94 Irishtown 94 the Liberties 94 medieval 93–4 medieval streets 93 Ostmantown (Oxmantown) 94 outside the walls 94 tenements 207, 208 Viking Dublin 89 Vikings, expulsion from 94 Wood Quay 45, 88


Dublin Castle 93, 95, 194, 210, 241 Dublin and Monaghan Bombings 312 Duggan, Éamonn 264 Dunkirk 375 DUP see Democratic Unionist Party


E Eagle lunar module 421


Early Christian Ireland (400–800 AD) 26, 36–47 art 40–2


Irish monks abroad 43 monasteries 38–9 Patrick, St 37 Vikings 44–5


East Germany (German Democratic Republic) 405


Easter Rising (1916) 203, 247, 250–7 commemorations 257, 294 consequences of 255 end of 254 events 252–4 executions 255, 258 planning 251–2


Eastern Bloc 412 Eastern Europe 412–13 Eck, John (theologian) 139 Economic War (1932–1938) 280 ecumenism 297 education 145, 298, 324 in Ancient Rome 54 in Northern Ireland 303


Edward the Confessor, King 91 Edward VI, King 151


EEC see European Economic Community Einsatzgruppen 394 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 382 elections see by-elections, general elections Electoral Amendment Act (1927) 279


Elizabeth I, Queen (1533–1603) 151, 155, 157, 164 Ellis Island 226 Emergency, the 282–4 Emergency Powers Act (1939) 281


emigration 219, 222, 223, 224–6, 228, 292, 397


Employment Equality Act (1977) 325 Enabling Act (1933) 352 enclosure 216, 229 Enigma code 381 Enlightenment 167, 178, 180 environmental movement 423 ESB (Electricity Supply Board) 279 Estates General 183, 193 Estonia 434 euro 434 Europe


exploration, reasons for 115–16 impact of colonisation 130, 131 religious divisions 141, 144


European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 430


European Community (EC) 433 see also European Union


European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 429


European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 429, 437


European defence policy 437


European Economic Community (EEC) 294, 325, 431–2 see also European Union enlargement 433–4 investment fund 432 European empires (c.1650) 130 European integration 427–8 European Union (EU) 433–7 members 433–4 problems 435 successes 435


evacuation 377 excavation 15, 17, 23, 25 M3 motorway 16 test trench 17, 25 tools 17, 23 topsoil 17, 25 Wood Quay 88


exploration and conquest, the age of 114–32


conquistadores 125–8


European exploration, reasons for 115–16


new equipment 117, 131 new maps 117 new ships 118, 131 New World 123, 124, 125–8 technological advances in 117–19 technology of 118 voyages of exploration 120–4 Explorer satellite 420 extermination camps 395–6


F


fallow 68, 86 farming


crop rotation 67, 216, 229 first farmers 20 in the Middle Ages 67–8


open field system 67, 86


fascism 334, 349 fascist symbol 349, 350 Faulkner, Brian 305, 308, 310 federal republic 175, 178 feminism, in Ireland 324 Fenians 203, 232 Ferdinand, King of Spain 122, 123, 144 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz 329 feudal system 66, 86, 95 feudalism 66 Fianna Fáil


establishment 271, 279 government (1932–1948) 280


fief 66, 86 Final Solution 394 Fine Gael 271 Finland 334 and the EC 433


First Programme for Economic Expansion 293


Fitt, Gerry 305, 308, 310 FitzGerald, Lord Edward 194, 199 Fitzgerald, Frances 325 FitzGerald, Garret 314 Fitzgerald, James Fitzmaurice 155 Fitzgerald families 155 Five-Year Plans (USSR) 340 Flight of the Earls 157, 165 flying columns 261 foot soldiers 73 forum 50, 64 Four Courts, Dublin, occupation of 267–8 France


absolute monarchy 180


American Revolution, impact of 176, 182


the Enlightenment 180 invasion of, World War II 375 Jacobins 189 social divisions 181 taxes 181


Free Presbyterian Church 305 Free State see Irish Free State free trade 293


freedom of movement 432 freemen 68 French Revolution 176, 179–93, 196 Bastille, storming of 184 causes of 180–2, 184 Committee of Public Safety 189, 192 the Estates General 182, 183 execution of the King 187 flight to Varennes 186 National Assembly, reforms of 185 Reign of Terror 189–90, 192, 211 results of 191 sans-culottes and 184, 193 Tuileries Palace, storming of 187 war with Austria 187


fresco 101, 105, 113 friars 81, 86 Frongoch, Wales 255 fulacht fiadh 31 funerals, in Ancient Rome 61


G GAA 230, 238–9, 248, 251


Gaelic Irish 150, 153, 156, 159, 163, 164, 165


Gaelic League 236, 248, 256 Gagarin, Yuri 420


Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) 111 Gama, Vasco da 121 Gandhi, Mahatma 213 Garda Síochána 271, 279 Gavan Duffy, George 264 gay rights movement 423 Gemini mission 421 general elections 1918 259 1922 267 1932 279 1940s–1950s 292 1960s 295 in Germany 351–2


General Post Office (GPO) 253, 256 genocide 389–7 Geoghegan-Quinn, Máire 322 geophysical surveying 19, 25 George IV, King 211


441


Index


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