JUNIOR CYCLE HISTORY Exploring History


1. Write a short paragraph about each of the following methods of dating: stratigraphy, dendrochronology and radio-carbon dating.


2. What kind of source is the artefact in the image to the right? What can we, as historians and archaeologists, learn about people’s lives from fi nds such as this plough?


© ceidefi elds.com


KEY TERMS Bronze Age Excavation


Aerial photograph


Test trench Topsoil


Radio-carbon dating


Mesolithic Hunter-gatherer


Geophysical survey


Passage tomb Neolithic Corbelled roof Pollen analysis Stratigraphy


the period of time when people made tools and weapons using bronze


when archaeologists dig up the ground to fi nd evidence left by people in the past


a photograph taken of the ground from an elevated position, for example from a helicopter


a sample hole dug to judge whether it is worth excavating the whole site the topmost, most recent layer of soil


a method of dating based on the falling levels of carbon-14 in tissue over time


of the Middle Stone Age


someone who hunted animals for food and gathered berries and nuts a survey of what’s underneath the ground, like an x-ray of the ground


a narrow passage with one or more burial chambers, made of large stones and covered in earth or stone


of the New Stone Age. This is when the fi rst farmers came to Ireland


a domed roof, built by placing stones overlapping each other until they meet at the top


the studying of pollen remains to tell archaeologists what was growing during the time period


a method of dating artefacts and evidence by how deep in the ground they were when found


Dendrochronology a method of dating that uses the unique growth patterns of tree rings as a guide


Iron Age Conservation the period of time when people made tools and weapons using iron


when historic objects are protected and preserved so that they do not decay


Go to page 7 of your Sources and Skills Book for more exercises.


Go to page 2 of your Research Portfolio for tasks based on this chapter.


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2 The Nature of History: The Archaeologist


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