ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Table3 : Climate-adjusted consumption and CO2
emissions 1996-2015.
Energy efficiency programme AKH – Energy consumption on building basis 2007 1996
2001 CO2 emissions
(climate-adjusted) Electricity (climate-adjusted)
including electricity equivalent from district heating
District heating (climate-adjusted) HGh
l Refitting with single-fan operation of 59 central units
l Optimisation of rotational speed and operating point for 188 axial fans with adjustable blades
l Optimisation of mass flow for 19 recuperator control circuits (frequency converter operation, water-side frost protection set-up)
l Adjustments to the control strategy of control valves (heating and cooling)
l Minimisation of the amount of constant air and maximisation of the amount of adjustable variable air flow per room in order to optimise the control dynamics
l Re-prioritisation of circulating-air coolers (base load instead of peak load)
l Adjustments to ceiling air outlets (geometry of the air jet, inlay iron sheets for minimisation of air flow short circuiting)
l Matching of the horizontal pressure control circuits on the air inlet and outlet side
l Matching of the vertical pressure control circuits
l Documentation of savings per facility with consideration of climate influences and calculations for error propagation
CO2 140,000 135,000
Starting point for the AKH Vienna Kyoto target 135,954
135,438 133,411 132,694 130,000 132,333 129,296 Achieving 1x Kyoto target 125,483 125,000 124,810 89.6% Achieving 2x Kyoto target 120,000 120,892 121,211 119,771 119,327 118,245 115,000 Achieving 3x Kyoto target 115,616
114,924 114,694 114,556 114,860 114,367
84.4% 129,217 l CO2
emissions (climate-adjusted) building basis 2007
94.8% 100%
Implementation was achieved in four steps, each with separate documentation of energy savings. All adjustment work was carried out during ongoing hospital operation (room classification III).
The project scope of the electronic area regulation – CO2
included: l Central monitoring of area temperatures in the BCS
l Central surveillance possibility of all relevant control parameters
l Central setting of target values (e.g. temperature)
l Energy saving due to the re-fitting from target value driven adjustments to a usable temperature range
l The ability to centrally switch between comfort and reduced operation
l Changing the horizontal pressure control guarantees better and more efficient controlling behaviour by changing the control characteristics
l Evaluating the implementation of CO2 sensors in highly frequented outpatient departments and lecture rooms; implementation completed in auditoriums and seminar rooms
l Changing the operating strategy for emissions AKH Vienna – control projects
low load times (night and weekends) by lowering the air flow, humidity and/or temperature
l Installation of circulating-air coolers to account for the thermal discharge of electrical device
l The frequent request from hospital staff to be able to freely choose room temperatures is met through individual adjustability of the room control
Impact and successes The Vienna General Hospital’s direct and indirect CO2
emissions have been reduced
continuously due to the projects discussed in this article. In 1996, the emissions amounted to 135,954 tons; in 2015 they amounted to 114,367 tons. This results in an annual reduction of 15.9% (annual value of 2015). The internal target of 15.6% as reached in 2012, when the international Kyoto Protocol expired. Since the gross floor area has
increased again since 2007, the reduction amounted to 24.5% at the end of 2015 when adjusted for floor area. The accumulated savings of electrical energy since 1996 amount to more than 1.5 times the annual consumption. More than twice the annual emissions of CO2
and even
more than three times the annual consumption of district heating (2015) has been saved. The Vienna General Hospital was
awarded the title ‘Klimabündnisbetrieb’ (climate-alliance company) in 2006 and received the local environmental seal ‘Alsergrunder Umweltsiegel’ in 2010, both in recognition of the activities and successes in the field of climate protection. In 2012, the planning and prioritisation of future projects until 2020 was expanded in the direction of the EU climate targets 20-20-20 (for a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, 20% of energy from renewable sources and 20% more energy efficiency). A total of around €7.4 million was
110,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year
Figure 2: Climate-adjusted CO2 70 reductions 1996-2015.
invested in energy saving measures from 1996 until 2015 with resulting cost savings of approximately €68.8 million. Consequently, €61.4 m could be saved between 1996 and 2015 through energy saving measures when subtracting the costs of investment.
[MWh] 263,895 257,429 218,782 217,143 –46,752 17.7 324 [t] [MWh] 135,954 174,880 132,333 167,082 2007 119,771 159,881 2015 114,367 152,635 Saving 2015 –21,587 –22,245 Saving 2015
compared to 1996 compared to 1996 – absolute
– relative (%) 15.9
12.7
Accumulated Saving from 1996-2015 (%)
220 174
IFHE IFHE DIGEST 2017
Tons
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