ENERGY MANAGEMENT
reduce maximum cooling, thus smaller cooling system capacity. Nevertheless, savings through the combination of all cost effective measures is the best and more realistic than simply adding savings from individual measures. With all the energy conservation measures considered, the annual electrical energy use index for the base-case hospital building was reduced by 28.85 % from 253 kWh/m2
to 180.8 kWh/m2 , and its
designed cooling capacity was reduced by 6% from 10,986 kW to 10,325 kW.
Conclusion Investigation and analysis of the electrical energy use characteristics of 28 Malaysian public hospitals highlighting a benchmark value of 172 kWh/m2
/yr selected for a
typical Malaysian hospital with a suggested best practice level of 94 kWh/m2
/yr. About 40% of the annual
energy consumption is attributed to space cooling, about 49% due to lightings and equipment, and 10% due to ventilation system fans. Through some conservative measures, energy use simulation also shows that annual Electrical Energy Use Index (EEUI) of a typical Malaysian hospital building can be significantly reduced by 28.85%. Simulation, using local weather profiles,
shows that retrofitting with an efficient MVAC system improved glazing and an efficient lighting system provided the best energy saving measures. Optimum energy efficient hospital building design and retrofits can be achieved through implementing continuous energy management. This benchmarking will provide hospital engineering support services, health care professionals and other governmental and organisational institutions in Malaysia a firm reference energy metric for hospitals in Malaysia, to evaluate energy performance of various hospital buildings for the purpose of establishing acceptable energy performance, comparing individual performance to these representative benchmarks, and determining cost effective energy savings retrofits. Empowering Healthcare Facility
Management and delivering Sustainable Energy Management programmes in Malaysian hospitals are the most relevant strategies towards being energy efficient and making cost savings on a continual basis.
References 1 DSM (2007). MS 1525:2007 – Code Of Practice On Energy Efficiency And Use Of Renewable Energy For Non Residential
Building, Department Of Standard Malaysia.
2 Chirarattananon S, Taveekun J. An OTTV- based energy estimation model for commercial buildings in Thailand. Energy and Buildings 2004; 36 (7): 680-9
3 Kamaluddin KA et al. Development of Energy Benchmarking of Malaysian Government Hospitals and Analysis of Energy Saving Opportunities. Journal of Building Performance 2016; 7 (1): ISSN: 2180- 2106.
4 PWD (1995). Building design guidelines document, Public Works Department (JKR), Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur
5 MECM (1989). Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunication and Post, Malaysia.
IFHE
6 PWD (2012). Building Cost Data for Minor Works and Reimbursable Works. Public Works Department, Ministry of Works, Malaysia Efficiency Valuation Organization. 2012. 1 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol Concepts and Options for Energy and Water Savings, Volume 1. 2012 edn. Toronto: Efficiency Valuation Organization [
www.evo-world.org].
7 HSS (2015). Hospital Support Services concessionaires Master Agreed Procedures & Technical Requirements and Performance Indicators, MoH Malaysia.
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