GARDENS
l Restorative garden: for stress reduction, emotional support, cognitive balance, and increased sense of wellbeing. They can be universal or focus on small groups (children), or a specific stress (cancer). Subtypes: sanctuary, meditation, and ritual gardens.
l Rehabilitation gardens: facilitate the development or maintenance of physical or cognitive skills through interaction with plants. Secondary benefits include improved social and psychological skills.
Cooper Marcus and Barnes (1995) also speak of contemplation and use, but as two ways of using them, defining four possible implications: visual, horticultural therapy, simply a place to stay, and stress reduction. But later they produce a much more
exhaustive and broader classification of gardens or outdoor spaces, more associated to the place they occupy in the composition of the architectural space: l Landscape grounds – open space between buildings that articulates the whole.
l Landscape setback – in front of a building and usually has no use.
l Front porch – at the entrance, with a place to go down and stay.
l Entry garden – in front of a building but usually used as a porch or gallery.
l Courtyard – the centre / core of the complex, visible and with activities.
l Plaza – areas for use, equipped and generally dry.
l Roof terrace – type of balcony, with construction on one side and open on the other sides.
l Roof garden – on the roof of a building. l Healing garden – indoor or outdoor spaces specially designed for therapeutic purposes.
l Meditation garden – a small, quiet space identified for meditation.
l Viewing garden – not usable, only for viewing.
l Viewing/walk-in garden – mainly for contemplation, but some people can enter.
Design recommendations The design recommendations are varied and broad. Cooper Marcus and Barnes (1995) divide them into three groups:
1. Site location and design l Contrast with the interior to emphasize the feeling of ‘going away’.
l Design them with awareness of illness and the necessary microclimate.
l Take into account feelings of safety, serenity and confidence.
l Variety depending on types and ages of users.
l Visible and accessible from the places where people are usually located.
IFHE DIGEST 2024
l Privacy and filters to the street. l Visible for staff to control. l Dividing the space with different situations.
l Complementarity with the interior. l Balconies or garden terraces are an option for people with mobility difficulties.
l The design has to be easily understandable to avoid confusion.
l Flooring needs to be safe and spacious.
2. Greenery, equipment, and details l Presence of greenery and living elements.
l Stimulation of the senses. l Choice of situations for socialising and introspective situations.
l Variety of plants and colours. l Greenery that makes seasonal changes noticeable.
l Foliage that moves. l Plants that attract birds and butterflies. l Contrast and harmony in texture, shape and colour.
l Sound of water creates an environment that serves in the recovery process.
l Generate a plant bellows in relation to the interior rooms.
l Comfortable places to sit. l Tables and chairs that can be accommodated.
l Protection from the sun and wind. l Take advantage of the views.
3. Maintenance.
Briones (2010), when differentiating therapeutic gardens as restorative gardens and rehabilitation gardens, formulates different design recommendations. For the restorative garden, he defines
the following design guidelines: l The prosperity of plants is one of the most significant factors in the perception of the healing benefits of nature.
l Particularly harmful can be designs that are susceptible to ambiguous interpretations, because more often than not they will be interpreted negatively by users who are not quite well or still under stress.
l Plants with irritating sensory characteristics, or design where the amount of paving and structures
exceeds the number of plants, should also be avoided.
In turn, he formulates the following design guidelines for rehabilitation gardens: l These gardens are designed to provide experiences that increase or support the highest levels of functionality and well-being to people. People engaged in gardening or routine maintenance of a garden tend to improve and reinforce their pre-existing skills, as well as gaining and renewing physical and mental skills.
l It must be physically and psychologically safe.
l It should provide three levels of engagement: activities, opportunities, and challenges.
l Evaluating these components for physical and psychological improvement can serve as a structure for design goals and can help in the incorporation of appropriate elements for proper landscaping.
Reference 1 Moya V, Cedrés de Bello S. The therapeutic garden. IPH Magazine No. 18. 2021. [
https://iph.org.br/revista-iph/materia/ o-jardim-terapeutico?lang=en].
Bibliography l Briones M. Healing Gardens, 2010 [
http://jardinesconalma.com/2010/11/jardines
-terapeuticos-healing-gardens.html].
l Campari G. Paisajismo y políticas públicas higienistas en hospitales de Buenos Aires. 12° Encuentro de Geógrafos de América Latina, April 3-7, 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2009.
l Campari G. Planificación territorial y ordenamiento jurídico: la construcción de la institución hospitalaria en la Buenos Aires higiénica. Perspectiva Geográfica 2013; 18 (1): 65-90. ISSN: 0123-3769. 2012
l Castro CL, Cuevas CJ, Ortegón JD, Pulido TJ, Torres MA, Velásquez RM. Jardines verticales como alternativa para mejorar el estado de ánimo de la población de adultos en un centro gerontológico de la ciudad de Bogotá DC (Colombia). Revista de Tecnología Journal of Technology 2017; 16 (1) 47-58.
l Cooper Marcus C. Healing Gardens in Hospitals. IDRP Interdisciplinary Design and Research e-Journal 2007; 1 (1). Design and Health, January 2007; pp1-27. [
http://www.idrp.wsu.edu].
l Cooper Marcus C, Barnes B. Gardens in Healthcare Facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations. University of California at Berkeley, The Center for Health Design Inc, Martínez, California, United States. ISBN: 0-9638938-2-3. 1995
l Good B. Medical Anthropology and the Problem of Belief. Medicine, rationality and experience. Cambridge University Press. 1994
l NYBG Talk. Helpful Gardens, Healing Images: Care and Cure in the Medieval Hospital. l Severtsen B. Healing Gardens.
45
IFHE
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98
