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September 2025
How to Implement Single-Pair Ethernet with Power-Over-Data Lines
By Dr.-Ing. Heinz Zenkner and Gerhard Stelzer, Würth Elektronik S
ingle-pair Ethernet is becoming increasingly popular in industrial net- working due to the simplified cabling
with just one twisted pair of wires. When power is added to this, the SPE transmission standard with power-over-data-lines is unbeatably simple. The reference design for
single-pair Ethernet (SPE) with Power-over-Data-Lines (PoDL) from Würth Elektronik (WE) is a system that can transmit data between two points via a two-wire cable. The central device supplies the peripheral device with power via the same two-wires over which the data is simultaneously transmitted. Single-pair Ethernet is an
emerging standard for Ether net communica- tion that uses only one pair of wires for data transmission, as opposed to traditional Ethernet, which typically uses up to four pairs of wires. This makes SPE suitable for applications where space and weight con- straints exist, such as automotive, industrial and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technolo- gy that makes it possible to transmit electri-
cal energy together with data via Ethernet cables. This eliminates the need for separate power cables, which simplifies installation and reduces costs, especially for applications such as IP cameras, VoIP telephones and wireless access points.
SPoE Basics SPoE differs from PoE in its definition
and implementation. It includes: a unique power coupling technique used in a two-wire circuit; and simultaneous transmission of power and data via a symmetri- cal, twisted pair of wires. The data connections are
realized via a single pair of wires, AC-coupled at each end to avoid ground loops. The PoE system transmits power simul- taneously with the data. Figure 1 shows the basic
circuit of the SPoE system. On the left-hand side of the
Figure 1: Basic circuit of an SPoE system. Power-over-Data-Lines (PoDL) extends
the concept of PoE to Single-Pair-Ethernet (SPE) by enabling power to be supplied via the single twisted pair cable used for data transmission in SPE systems. This allows devices connected via SPE to be powered via the same cable used for data transmission. In the literature, Single Pair with PoE is often also referred to as SPoE.
circuit diagram is the Power Source Equipment (PSE) with the PHY (physical layer in the
OSI model). On the right-hand side is the Powered
Device (PD, load) and another PHY. The PHYs establish the data connection and the PSE supplies the PD with power. The data connection is capacitively decoupled (C1 to C4) from the power and the power supply is inductively decoupled (L1 to L4) from the data. The interface is referred to as a “Media
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