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Ferroelectric Transistor is Reconfigurable
TE CHNOL OGIES X-ray technology like no other Continued from page 1
Ferroelectric HEMTs Ferroelectric semiconduc-
tors stand out from others be- cause they can sustain an elec- trical polarization, like the elec- tric version of magnetism. But unlike a fridge magnet, they can switch which end is positive and which is negative. In the context of a transistor, this capability adds flexibility. The transistor can change how it behaves. “We can make our ferroelec-
tric HEMT reconfigurable,” says Ding Wang, a research scientist in electrical and computer engi- neering and first author of the study. “That means it can func- tion as several devices, such as one amplifier working as several amplifiers that we can dynami- cally control. This allows us to reduce the circuit area and lower the cost as well as the energy consumption.” Areas of particular interest
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for this device are reconfigurable radio frequency and microwave communication as well as memo- ry devices in next-generation electronics and computing sys- tems.
“By adding ferroelectricity
to an HEMT, we can make the switching sharper. This could enable much lower power con- sumption in addition to high gain, making for much more effi- cient devices,” says Ping Wang, a research scientist in electrical and computer engineering and also the co-corresponding author of the research. The ferroelectric semicon-
ductor is made of aluminum ni- tride spiked with scandium, a metal sometimes used to fortify aluminum in performance bicy- cles and fighter jets. It is the first nitride-based ferroelectric semi- conductor, enabling it to be inte- grated with the next-gen semi- conductor gallium nitride. Offer- ing speeds up to 100 times that of silicon, as well as high efficien- cy and low cost, gallium nitride semiconductors are contenders to displace silicon as the pre- ferred material for electronic de- vices.
“This is a pivotal step to-
ward integrating nitride ferro- electrics with mainstream elec- tronics,” Mi says. Web:
www.umich.edu r
Minimizing EV Impact on the Power Grid
Continued from page 1
electricity-generation capacity. In a new study, MIT re-
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searchers have found that it’s pos- sible to mitigate or eliminate both these problems without the need for advanced technological sys- tems of connected devices and re- al-time communications, which could add to costs and energy con- sumption. Instead, encouraging the placing of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) in strategic ways, rather than let- ting them spring up anywhere, and setting up systems to initiate car charging at delayed times could potentially make all the dif- ference.
Sampling In their analysis, the re-
searchers used data collected in two sample cities: New York and Dallas. The data were gathered from, among other sources, anonymized records collected via onboard devices in vehicles, and surveys that carefully sampled populations to cover variable travel behaviors. They showed the times of day cars are used and for how long, and how much time the vehicles spend at differ- ent kinds of locations - residen- tial, workplace, shopping, enter- tainment and so on. Better availability of charg- ing stations at workplaces, for ex-
ample, could help to soak up peak power being produced at midday from solar power installations, which might otherwise go to waste because it is not economical to build enough storage capacity to save it for later in the day. Thus, workplace chargers can re- duce the evening peak load from EV charging and also making use of the solar electricity output. Delayed home charging
could make a surprising amount of difference, the team found. With delayed home charging, each EV charger could be accom- panied by a simple app to esti- mate the time to begin its charg- ing cycle so that it charges just before it is needed the next day. The reason it works so well, Trancik says, is because of the natural variability in driving be- haviors across individuals in a population. “It’s basically incentivizing
people to begin charging later. This can be something that is preprogrammed into your charg- ers. You incentivize people to de- lay the onset of charging by a bit, so that not everyone is charging at the same time, and that smooths out the peak,” says Jes- sika Trancik, professor at MIT’s Institute for Data, Systems and Society.
Web:
www.mit.edu r
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