INDUSTRIAL EMISSION DIRECTIVE (IED) IMPLEMENTATION UPDATED WITH FOCUS ON CALIBRATION AND
INSTRUMENTATION GASES NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH THE NEW REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Despite the introduction of more and more stringent regulatory requirements in the European Union and in the rest of the World, the level of air pollution remains critical in many places, especially in the urban and industrial areas. So far, the impact of current emission legislations has been signifi cant, but further improvements are still to be expected.
The IED entered into force in November 2010 and covers some 50,000 installations across the European Union e.g. to produce chemicals, power, petrochemical products, cement, glass, metals and to treat/incinerate waste. Requirements under the IED are included in the Best Available Techniques Reference documents (BREFs), agreed within each specifi c agro-industrial sector. BREFs defi ne the Best Available Techniques (BAT) conclusions that are legally binding also in term of emission monitoring requirements, where calibration and instrumentation gases play an important role. There are in total 36 BREFs, 18 of which have been already reviewed under the IED and published. One of the latest BREF published is about the Large Combustion Plants (LCP).
Air Quality
The emissions of the main pollutants in Europe have declined in the past three decades, from the 28% of ammonia to the 92% of sulfur.
Even though this results in a better air quality, additional measures are still needed to achieve the long-term objectives of air pollution level that do not lead to unacceptable harm to human health and the environment. This is the aim of the European clean air policy, that introduces new measures to reduce harmful emissions from industrial plants, transportation and agriculture. By 2030 the clean air policy package is estimated to prevent thousands of premature deaths and save several km2 of ecosystems, protected areas and forests. Air pollution control measures costs are generally lower than the costs of health and environmental damages.
Industrial processes account for a considerable share of the overall pollution, due to their emissions of air pollutants, discharges of wastewater and the generation of waste. The IED is the main EU instrument regulating pollutant emissions from stationary installations. The IED aims to achieve a high level of protection of human health and the environment by reducing harmful emissions across the EU, through a better application of Best Available Techniques (BAT), an integrated approach to the permits system and a guidance on defi ning Emission Limit Values (ELVs) for each controlled pollutant.
Figure 1 - EU-28 emission trends for the main air pollutants according to the EEA European Union emission inventory report 1990–2019 Large Combustion Plants (LCP)
The LCP BREF was adopted in November 2021 and its scope includes combustion installations with thermal input equal or higher than 50 MW, gasifi cation of coal or other fuels installations with thermal input equal or higher than 20 MW, waste co- incineration plants for non-hazardous waste with capacity higher than 3 tonnes per hour and for hazardous waste with capacity higher than 10 tonnes per day.
The LCP BREF impacts 3,664 plants in Europe, where the
installed capacity increased by 4% overall between 2004 and 2017 and the trend reached its maximum in 2012.
The LCP BREF introduced some changes in the emissions measurement requirements, i.e. there are additional pollutants to be monitored and/or changes in the monitoring frequencies. The BAT 4 is about monitoring emissions to air with a given frequency and in accordance with the applicable EN standards. We have for example requirements for ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fl uoride, total volatile organic compounds, mercury and formaldehyde that require yearly, quarterly or continuous monitoring.
IET SEPTEMBER 2022
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