42 Air Monitoring


There were some strong national preferences, no doubt driven in part by different regulatory environments. For example, it was seen that given a free choice 73% of German respondents would favour the use of EN 14791, whilst 79% of Italian respondents would favour portable instrumental techniques. Across all 57 respondents the preference fell on the side of portable techniques with 59% saying they would prefer to use this approach if free to choose. However, it should be noted that even if the industry preference is for portable techniques as this survey suggests – perhaps due to increased sensitivities being possible without extending run times and data being provided in real-time – as a community there must be confidence that the data such techniques provide are of sufficient quality. The highest response


Author Contact Details M. Sinclair*1


relating to portable techniques was on the issue of poor data quality due to cross-interferences, so this is clearly an area that needs further work if user-confidence is to be improved. Another key issue identified by the respondents relates to sampling (drying) of extracted stack gas. This highlights why the Sulf-Norm project was first proposed, which aims to provide important data into the debate over the future of SO2


emissions monitoring. References 1


UN Human Rights Council Report, A/HRC/36/41/Add.2, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights…, 05/09/2017.


2


DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control).


3


BS EN 14791:2017 Stationary source emissions. Determination of mass concentration of sulphur oxides. Standard reference method


4


DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2193 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants, p18.


, M.D. Coleman1


, R.A. Robinson1


, D. Curtis2


, T. Pellikka3


, D. Wildanger4


, R. Gould5


1 National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. 2 Unit 9, Knowl Piece Business Centre, Knowl Piece, Wilbury Way, Hitchin, Herts, SG4 0TY 3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Vuorimiehentie 3, 02044 VTT, 1000, Espoo, Finland.


4 Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Rheingaustraße 186, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany. 5 Environment Agency, Lutra House, PO Box 519, Preston, PR5 8BD.


6 Uniper Technologies Ltd., Westwood Way, Westwood Business Park, Coventry, CV4 8LG, United Kingdom. 7 Czech Metrology Institute, Okružní 31, CZ-638 00 Brno, Czech Republic.


Nab Labs Oy, Upseerinkatu 1-3, FI-02600, Espoo, Finland. 9 Ramboll Finland Oy, Säterinkatu 6, FI-02600, Espoo, Finland. * Corresponding author • Email: morven.sinclair@npl.co.uk • Tel: +44 (0)20 8943 8587


8


, D. Graham6


, J. Gerŝl7


, M. Perälä8


, E. Järvinen9


. •


HVAC air flow transmitter with digital interface


Increasingly sophisticated use of Triton data reflects growing confidence in remote sensing for wind profiling


The diverse range of applications by European wind operators and developers spans wind resource assessment, bankable due diligence and noise studies.


The European wind energy industry is increasingly adopting data collected by remote sensors for a wider range of applications. In doing so, developers and operators have benefitted from reduced assessment times, lower development and permitting costs, and an improved understanding of on-site wind conditions.


The EE650 air flow transmitter from E+E Elektronik is dedicated for building automation and process control. The highly accurate device allows for reliable control of the air velocity in ventilation ducts and air conditioning systems. Besides the version with analogue output, the transmitter offers now RS485 interface and Modbus or BACnet protocol.


The EE650, available for duct mount as well as with remote sensing probe, measures air velocity up to 20 m/s (4000 ft/ min). The new version features RS485 interface with Modbus RTU or BACnet MS/TP protocol, which facilitates the integration into a bus system. The EE650 with analogue output provides the measured data either as current or voltage signal. The measuring range, the output signal and the response time are user selectable.


The E+E air flow sensing element employed in EE650 operates on the hot-film anemometer principle. The state-of-the-art transfer molding technology gives the thin-film sensor a high mechanical stability. Due to its innovative flow profile, the sensing element is particularly resistant to contamination, which leads to excellent measurement accuracy and long-term stability.


The functional IP65 / NEMA 4 enclosure and the mounting flange included in the scope of supply facilitate the installation of the transmitter.


With an optional adapter cable and the free EE-PCS product configuration software, the user can adjust the EE650, set the output scale and select the interface parameters.


For More Info, email: email:


For More Info, email: email:


47070pr@reply-direct.com


To date, Vaisala’s Triton Wind Profiler has been deployed on almost 5,000 wind measurement campaigns, and is increasingly being used in a diversity of ways by European firms both domestically and overseas, from wind resource assessment through to bankable due diligence and noise studies. The development comes as wind energy firms continue to reduce their reliance on meteorological (met) masts and embrace the use of remote sensing units across their project portfolios and operations.


Particularly across the mature European wind markets, Triton is increasingly being used to support project financing. While met masts have long served as the industry standard in this respect, a growing evidence base demonstrating the accuracy of remote sensing data has led to greater acceptance of this data to demonstrate projects’ financial viability.


In France, for instance, a leading developer has successfully used Triton data to secure financing for a five-turbine wind farm. The unit measured wind conditions at the site at a hub height of 120 meters, with the developer also installing an 80-meter met mast and extrapolating measurements for the additional 40 meters. The two sets of data were together submitted to the bank and formed the basis of the successful financing proposal, with the Triton data in particular being used to reduce the degree of uncertainty in resource calculations.


Remote sensing has also enabled developers to overcome unique market challenges, such as strict noise regulations in France, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere. Here prospective developers are required to carry out detailed analysis of the potential noise impacts of new wind farms under a series of different conditions. This requires brief campaigns to capture wind speed measurements.


Given this short time period, erecting a met mast to undertake this analysis would be prohibitively expensive. However, the Triton’s versatility and ease of deployment makes it well suited to the task, and it is frequently deployed for this purpose by leading developers in France and the United Kingdom.


The industry’s growing confidence in remote sensing is equally reflected in the Triton’s increasing use in a number of new markets throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Developers and operators in those markets are using Triton for applications as diverse as shear validation, performance analysis of operating wind farms, reducing uncertainty derived from complex terrain and acting as a permanent on-site met station.


“As we approach the Triton’s 5,000th deployment, it’s clear one of its greatest assets is an ability to serve a wide range of uses throughout site prospecting, development and project financing,” said Nihat Hünerli, EMEA Regional Manager for Vaisala’s energy business unit. “In Europe, we’ve seen how the sophisticated range of data provided by the Triton has given financiers a greater understanding of site conditions, and this increased confidence in the data has been instrumental in ultimately securing financing for those projects. Similarly, in the emerging wind markets, the unit’s versatility and the quality of data it provides is leading to it rapidly becoming the resource assessment tool of choice.”


IET November / December 2018 www.envirotech-online.com


For More Info, email: email:


For More Info, email: 47280pr@reply-direct.com


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