8 Environmental Laboratory
design’ process to create safer nanoproducts. It achieves this goal by combining knowledge and scientific approaches from a range of disciplines and a tutorial review of its work was published in 2017 (3). This tutorial review presents the conceptual approach to ‘Safer by Design’ and provides examples of case studies primarily for TiO2 in paints and cements to demonstrate how the approach can inform design decisions with particular attention to chronic low dose exposure scenarios. In their latest work they have developed a high energy X-ray imaging platform and employed nano-scale 3D computerised tomography to study nano CeO2 aggregation in acrylic wood coatings and the release of TiO2 in relation to the porosity network and volumes of cements.
The Nano-Bio interface: nanoparticle interactions with lipids and protein
Professor Joel Pederson from the University of Wisconsin Madison, USA, and an Associate Editor of Environmental Science:Nano began by discussing the strategy and principles behind sustainable
nanomaterial design and green synthesis before moving on to his work on the interaction of nanoparticles with bio-membranes both for applications and environmental impact. The studies focus on how nanoparticles size, aspect ratio and surface chemistry influence attachment to, penetration of, and alteration of biological membranes by using a wide range of high-end techniques including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) together with more conventional techniques such as XPS, NMR, AFM and MS. He described studies with nanomaterials in ion channels and phase segregated domains showing accumulation at phase boundaries and microdomain formation. Prof Pedersen also discussed ways to design nanomaterials for ‘end of life’ and used the example of silanisation of cellulose nanofibres to facilitate incorporation into polymer matrices before closing with a summary of the challenges and opportunities for nanomaterial modes of action studies on living systems.
Overall this was a fascinating symposium and a chance to hear from some of the world leading experts on the impact
of nanotechnology in the environment and it was clear that nanomaterial research into both beneficial applications for, and possible impacts on, the environment are still receiving widespread global interest and attention.
References
(1) National Nanotechnology Initiative Strategic Plan National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology, February 2014,
https://www.nano.gov/node/1113
(2) Engineered Crumpled Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membrane Assemblies for Advanced Water Treatment Processes Yi Jiang et al, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49 (11), pp 6846–6854
(3) SERENADE: safer and ecodesign research and education applied to nanomaterial development, the new generation of materials safer by design. Bottero J. Y. et al, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2017, 4, 526
Author Contact Details Tom Lynch CSci, CChem FRSC, Independent Analytical Consultant, Cricket House, High St, Compton, Newbury, RG20 6NY • Email:
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