Show Review - PEFTEC 2017
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and soft ionisation techniques and HRMS for the characterisation of heavy petroleum and residue fractions.
Busy Workshop at PEFTEC
capture some of the key messages emerging from a diverse range of presentations covering upstream and downstream applications. The conference was organised under 4 themes of importance to the industry – Elemental Analysis and Speciation, Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Separations, and Spectroscopy and On-Line Analysis and it was clear that there were several key technique areas which dominated in multiple themes.
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)
HRMS, both with direct sample introduction and in combination with pre-separation techniques, continues to grow as the premier technique for advanced compositional analysis of petroleum samples and this was reinforced by many presenters at the PEFTEC Conference.
Professor Wolfgang Schrader (Max Plank Institute, Mulheim) gave an overview of the technique and introduced data processing techniques such as double bond equivalents, Kendrick mass defect and Kendrick mass plots which are employed to simplify HRMS data analysis and visualisation. Wolfgang then introduced different ionisation techniques for HRMS and described how they show different selectivity’s for key components in crude oil characterisation. He went on to discuss the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the techniques and the use of chromatography and ion mobility as pre-separation techniques to improve class type and isomer analysis in crude oils. Professor Ralf Zimmermann (University of Rostock) described the application of thermal evaporation techniques, including thermo gravimetric analysis and direct insertion probe, combined with a range of hard
Sam Whitmarsh (BP) discussed the application of HRMS techniques for a range of real world business applications including the characterisation of asphaltenes, the detection of upstream processing additives of relevance to refi nery operations and resolving problems with emulsion formation in refi nery desalters. He went on to describe the application of HRMS to provide unique insights into fuel additive chemistries and the characterisation of lubricant base oils by Field Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (FIMS) and lubricant additive systems using a combination of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) and HRMS to reduce matrix effects.
contributing factors. Software developments, including the application of automated scripting to assign compound classes and develop sample fi ngerprints, were common features in many of the presentations
Thomas Groger (Helmholz Centre Munich) presented the combination of GCxGC with various detector systems for hydrocarbon characterisation including PIONA analysis for the complete characterisation and quantifi cation of middle distillates, High Temperature Simulated Distillation of crudes, heavy oils and spindle oils and the use of Thermogravimetry (TGA) as an alternative inlet system for the full molecular weight characterisation of petroleum.
Pierre Giusti from Total gave an excellent and wide-ranging presentation which included the application of GCxGC with FID, sulphur specifi c and nitrogen specifi c detectors to produce element specifi c molecular fi ngerprints of diesels and vacuum gas oils.
Laura McGregor (SepSolve Analytical) described the application of reverse fi ll/fl ush GCxGC with FID for the determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil extracts using compound grouping via software stencils and claimed signifi cant savings in consumables costs to justify the return on investment. She also described the application of GCxGC with parallel FID and TOF-MS combined with software scripting to generate sample “signatures” which allows the rapid comparisons of samples.
The ultimate proof that GCxGC has been adopted by industry was provided by Melissa Dunkle who described how Dow Benelux are using it off-line and on-line on a daily basis in research, development and manufacturing processes to provide both
Visitors at PEFTEC
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Since its fi rst description by John Philips in 1991 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) has been promoted as a must-have technique for the petroleum industry (primarily by academics and vendors) but for many reasons had not been widely adopted in industry. At PEFTEC the technique was presented for a number of important application areas demonstrating that it is now mainstream, and it was clear that improving hardware and data processing software were major
Busy Exhibition Stand at PEFTEC
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