Leopard density in southern Mozambique 411


REDFERN, J.V., GRANT, R., BIGGS,H.&GETZ,W.M. (2003) Surface-water constraints on herbivore foraging in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecology, 84, 2092–2107.


ROYLE, J.A., NICHOLS, J.D. & KARANTH, K.U. (2009) A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 118–127.


SCHOLES, R.J., BOND,W.J. & ECKHARDT, H.C. (2003) Vegetation Dynamics in the Kruger Ecosystem. The Kruger Experience. Island Press,Washington, DC, USA.


SOLLMANN, R., FURTADO, M., GARDNER, B., HOFER, H., JACOMO, A., TORRES,N.&SILVEIRA,L.(2011) Improving density estimates for elusive carnivores: accounting for sex-specific detection and movements using spatial capture–recapture models for jaguars in central Brazil. Biological Conservation, 144, 1017–1024.


STANDER, P.E., HADEN, P.J. & KAQECE,G.(1997) The ecology of asociality in Namibian leopards. Journal of Zoology, 242, 343–364.


STEIN, A., ANDREAS,A.&ASCHERNBORN,O.(2011) Namibian National Leopard Survey 2011, Final Report. Unpublished report. Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism,Windhoek, Namibia.


SWANEPOEL, L., LINDSEY, P., SOMERS, M.J., VAN HOVEN,W.& DALERUM,F.(2014) The relative importance of trophy harvest and retaliatory killing of large carnivores: South African leopards as a case study. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 44, 115–134.


SWANEPOEL, L., SOMERS,M.&DALERM,F. (2015) Density of leopards Panthera pardus on protected and non-protected land in the Waterberg Biosphere, South Africa. Wildlife Biology, 21, 263–268.


TOBLER, M.W. & POWELL, G.V.N. (2013) Estimating jaguar densities with camera traps: problems with current designs and recommendations for future studies. Biological Conservation, 159, 109–118.


Oryx, 2020, 54(3), 405–411 © 2018 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318000121


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148