Unit 1 Shell and frame structures Unit overview
In this unit the students will: • Learn how to identify different types of structures. • Learn about the structural components of two different roof trusses. • Learn about forces and their effect on structures. • Learn how to strengthen structures by triangular bracing.
Teaching guidelines
• Rather than listing all the different structures, ask the learners to tell you about what types of structures they know.
• List these on the chalkboard as they give you different words. Help them to see the many and different types of structures which exist.
• Circle all the natural structures with a coloured chalk. • From the list on the chalkboard identify which group each one falls into. Is it a shell, a frame or a combination of the two?
• The next stage is to familiarise the learners with some of the materials used to build structures. Without going into too much detail try to identify why certain materials are used for certain structures. Is it because they are strong or because they are readily available?
Background knowledge Structures can also be divided into two main categories. Shell structures and frame structures but some are a combination of both. Animals like the snail and the tortoise have shell structures which protect their bodies. Human beings have a skeletal structure of bones which is a frame to support the other organs in our bodies. When you look at man-made structures it is easy to see that an electric pylon is a frame structure but other structures such as buildings are shell structures which provide shelter. However, to support it, there is often a framework clad with other material.
TIP!
Take learners to any school building which has an open ceiling so that they can see the roof trusses used. They may not be exactly the same as the ones mentioned here but you should be able to point out some of the structural components.
Learner’s Book page 10
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