RESOURCES Natural Sciences


Dictionaries see pages 100–104


SENIOR PHASE


Posters see page 109


Respiratory system


The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.


nose mouth


trachea bronchus


lung diaphragm Internal structure of the lungs trachea bronchus bronchiole


pulmonary artery alveoli


diaphragm


pulmonary vein capillary network


Atoms Sub-atomic particles


• The central part of the atom is called the nucleus. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.


• Protons are positively charged particles. • Neutrons are neutral particles. • Electrons are negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus. • Atoms are neutral as they have equal number of protons (+) and electrons (–).


earthworm – Respiratory tissue under the microscope Predators are animals that hunt other animals. –


orbital nucleus


– – trachea bronchus (cross-section) lung surface Models of atoms 9780190419721_NS_9_Poster_04_Respiratory_system_masterset.indd 4 2015/08/27 8:52 AM 9780190428600_NS_8_Poster_02_Feeding_relationships_masterset.indd 2 2015/08/27 3:01 PM fungi –


+ +


+ + +


+ + – – – maggots


proton (positive charge) neutron (neutral) electron (negative charge)


Scavengers eat dead animals.


Insectivores eat mainly insects and small invertebrates.


s. baboon Carnivores eat other animals (living or dead). plants


All matter is made up of tiny atoms. Atoms are made up of sub-atomic particles called protons, electrons and neutrons.


Decomposers


Decomposers break down dead plants and animals. They recycle nutrients in the environment.


Feeding relationships


There are three main feeding groups: producers, consumers and decomposers.


Producers Producers make their own food. Consumers


Consumers obtain their food directly from plants or from other animals.


Herbivores eat only plants.


Also available in Afrikaans


zebra Omnivores eat both plants and animals.


Hydrogen


Helium


Lithium


Berylium


Boron Proton


Carbon Neutron


Nitrogen Electron


Oxygen


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Teacher Resources see page 124


Additional free resources Download from freeresources.oxford.co.za


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Objects in our solar system Planet


A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a star in an elliptical orbit.


Dwarf planet


A dwarf planet is smaller than a planet but bigger than a moon.


Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun. Moon


A moon is an object (called a satellite) that revolves around a planet.


Pluto is a dwarf planet. Asteroids


Asteroids are large, irregularly shaped objects that revolve around the Sun.


Jupiter has 50 known moons. The four biggest moons are Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa.


Meteor


A meteor is a bright streak of light that is seen in the night sky when space rocks enter the Earth’s atmosphere.


The asteroid belt is found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.


Comet


A comet is a small object that orbits around the Sun in an eccentric orbit. Some comets have a tail of dust and gas vapour.


Meteors are also known as shooting stars.


Halley’s comet comes around every 76 years.


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