CORE CLASSROOM COURSE Natural Sciences
OXFORD SUCCESSFUL
NATURAL SCIENCES OUP SA
Oxford Successful Natural Sciences is a CAPS-aligned series that includes: assessments now updated according to the DBE’s 2017 Strengthening circular
support for learners to grasp key concepts through: illustrations graphs pictures and photographs
a Teacher’s Guide with: extensive teaching tips activity guidelines planning and assessment tools
a free resource CD, packed with useful teacher resources (Grade 8 and 9).
GRADE 7 Learner’s Book
Learner’s Book e-pub3
*Teacher’s Guide Leerdersboek
Leerdersboek e-pub3 *Onderwysersgids
GRADE 8 Learner’s Book
Learner’s Book e-pub3
*Teacher’s Guide Leerdersboek
Leerdersboek e-pub3 *Onderwysersgids
GRADE 9 Learner’s Book
Learner’s Book e-pub3
*Teacher’s Guide Leerdersboek
Leerdersboek e-pub3 *Onderwysersgids
978 0 19 599953 2 978 0 19 907388 7 978 0 19 904853 3 978 0 19 904612 6 978 0 19 041281 4 978 0 19 905543 2
978 0 19 904710 9 978 0 19 907389 4 978 0 19 905041 3 978 0 19 599552 7 978 0 19 041144 2 978 0 19 904641 6
978 0 19 905353 7 978 0 19 907390 0 978 0 19 905184 7 978 0 19 905608 8 978 0 19 041149 7 978 0 19 905898 3
*The full list of e-pdf titles is available in the price list.
SENIOR PHASE
Oxford Successful Natural Sciences Grade 9 Learner’s Book 22 Oxford University Press South Africa OxfordSASchools
Breathing
Your lungs inside your chest are surrounded and protected by your ribs. Put your hands on your chest and breathe in. Then breathe out. What do you notice? Your chest moves up and down as you breathe in and out. Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Breathing in is called inhalation. Breathing out is called exhalation. Muscles between your ribs and a sheet of muscle below the lungs, called the diaphragm, make your lungs work. Look at the diagrams of the respiratory system on page 48 and below.
Inhalation
The muscles between the ribs contract and lift the ribs upwards and outwards.
The diaphragm muscle contracts and is flattened.
This increases the volume of the chest cavity. This makes the air pressure inside the chest cavity decrease.
The air pressure in the elastic lungs decreases too. This causes the volume of the lungs to increase. Air moves into the lungs.
This increases the air pressure in the lungs so that air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs becomes equal.
Exhalation Exha
The muscles between the ribs relax and lower the ribs downwards and inwards.
The relax and
The diaphragm muscle relaxes
and the diaphragm bulges upwards. The volume of the chest cavity decreases. This makes air pressure inside the chest cavity increase. r pressure in the elastic lungs
de in
ea
The air increase of t e l
increases too. This causes the volume of the lungs to decrease.
Air is forced out of the lungs. This decreases the air pressure in the lungs so that air pressure in the lungs and chest cavity becomes equal.
s s
rib
muscles between ribs
diagphragm Figure 3 Exhalation lung air out air in
New words breathing –
movement of air into and out of the lungs
inhalation – breathing in
exhalation – breathing out
diaphragm – sheet of muscle below the lungs
trachea lung
muscles between ribs
rib diaphragm Figure 2 Inhalation
Unit 1 Breathing, gaseous exchange and circulation 49 978 0 19 905353 7_ ord Succe ul atural Science rade 9 earner oo .indb 49
STRAND 1
STRAND 1 Life and living
In this strand you will learn about some of the basic units of life. You will study the different cells that make up animals and plants. You will also look at the various systems in the human body, how they are made up and how they work.
Cells as the basic units of life
Life and living
Systems in the human body
Human reproduction puberty
Digestive system
Circulatory and respiratory systems
Strand 1 Life and living 11 rade 9 earner oo .indb 11 2014/08/15 10:43 A
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