NOTES
1. Personal communication (23 November 2009). 2. Personal communication (30 January 2010). 3. Personal communication (28 December 2009). 4. Personal communication (3 November 2009).
5.
www.sunshinediapers.com/WebStore/index.php?main_ page=index&cPath=7 6.
www.diaperdaisy.com/index.php?l=product_list&c=28 7.
www.myuseddiapers.com 8.
www.diaperswappers.com/forum
9. Personal communication (25 June 2009).
10. Michelle Allsopp, “Achieving Zero Dioxin: An Emergency Strategy for Dioxin Elimination,” Greenpeace (September 1994):
http://archive.green
peace.org/toxics/reports/azd/azd.html.
11. This and subsequent quotations: Personal communication (15 Janu- ary 2010).
12. “Dioxins and Their Effects on Human Health,” World Health Organiza- tion Media Centre Fact Sheet 225 (November 2007):
www.who.int/media
centre/factsheets/fs225/en/.
13. Personal communication between unnamed Procter & Gamble cus- tomer-service representative and Southern Oregon University student research assistant Tara Crist (11 November 2009).
14. “The Relationship of Diapers to Diaper Rashes in the One-Month-Old Infant,” Journal of Pediatrics 95, no. 3 (September 1979): 422–424.
15. Personal communication (22 January 2010). 16. Personal communication (22 January 2010).
17. This and subsequent quotations: Personal communication (27 Janu- ary 2010).
18. C.-J. Partsch, M. Aukamp, W. G. Sippell, “Scrotal Temperature Is Increased in Disposable Plastic Lined Nappies,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 83, no. 4 (October 2000): 364–368;
http://adc.bmj.com/
content/83/4/364.abstract.
19. According to the CDC, 16.4 million adults and 7.0 million children cur- rently suffer from asthma. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, FastStats, “Asthma” (15 May 2009):
www.cdc.gov/nchs/FASTATS/asthma.
htm.
20. R. C. Anderson and J. H. Anderson, “Acute Respiratory Effects of Dia- per Emissions,” Archives of Environmental Health 54, no. 5 (September– October 1999): 353–358;
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10501153.
21. Personal communication (3 November 2009).
22. The Mothering Staff, “The Politics of Diapers: A Timeline of Recovered History,” Mothering 116 (January–February 2003): 40.
23. Lewis & Clark Research, Mothering Magazine Readership Study (August 2006).
24. Procter & Gamble, Designed to Lead: 2009 Annual Report (2009): 2;
http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2009/_downloads/PG_2009_ AnnualReport.pdf.
25. Ibid.: 6. 26. Ibid.: 26. 27. Ibid.: 32.
28. Procter & Gamble, Balance and Leadership: 2005 Annual Report (2005): 27;
www.pg.com/en_US/.../annual_reports/2005/pg2005annual report.pdf.
29. Kimberly-Clark, Simply Essential: 2008 Annual Report (2008): 80; http://
rkconline.net/AR/KimberlyClark08/PDF/AR08.pdf.
30. Alecia Swasy, Soap Opera: The Inside Story of Procter & Gamble (New
York: Touchstone, 1994). Swasy discusses at length Procter & Gamble’s rapacious and paranoid business practices, their near monopoly on diapers in the late 1970s, and customer complaints about the negative health impact of early generations of disposable diapers.
31. For a detailed discussion of the politics behind environmental claims, see Robert W. Hollis’s article “The Diaper War: Not About to Bottom Out,” Mothering, 60 (Summer 1991): 47–52.
32. “Kimberly-Clark Announces Second Quarter 2009 Results and Improved Outlook for Full Year,” press release (23 July 2009): http://investor.
kimberly-clark.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=398429.
68 mothering | May–June 2010
Jennifer Margulis, PhD, is a contribut- ing editor of Mothering magazine and the mother of four (10, 9, and 6 years, and 6 months). She lives in Ashland, Oregon, and has used cloth diapers on all of her children. Read more about her at
www.jennifermargulis.net.
Interested in more facts on cloth diapers? Go
to
www.mothering.com/links and check out the Special Cloth Diaper How-to Videos section, and the past articles: “Dumping Disposable Diapers,” by Lindsay Evans; “Crazy for Cloth,” by Laura Schmitt; “A Tale of Two Diapers,” by Peggy O’Mara; “Te ABCs of Going Cloth,” by Elizabeth Gawlik; and “Disposable Diapers Linked to Asthma.”
33. See Note 29: 4.
34. Ann Link, “Disposable Nappies: A Case Study in Waste Prevention,” Women’s Environmental Network (April 2003):
www.wen.org.uk/nappies/
reports/Disposable_nappies_casestudy.pdf.
35. gDiapers, “Back to the Earth: Do Diapers Biodegrade?”:
www.gdiapers.
com/gdiapers101/watch-the-videos.
36. Douglas Wise, MEM, and Lilly Longshore, PE, MSCE, “Study of the Treatability of gDiaper Disposable Diapers and Their Impact on Sewer and Wastewater Systems,” City of Vancouver (9 November 2007): www.
cityofvancouver.us/upload/images/PublicWorks/Official_City%20of%20 Vancouver%20gDiaper%20Study%20_FinalReport_20071109.pdf.
37. J. Maarten Troost, The Sex Lives of Cannibals: Adrift in the Equatorial
Pacific (New York: Broadway Books, 2004): 97.
38. Ibid.: 103–104.
39. City of Toronto, “Facts About Toronto’s Trash” (1 November 2007):
www.toronto.ca/garbage/facts.htm.
40. Ibid.
41. “Municipalités Québécoises Qui Subventionnent L’Achat de Couches
Lavables,”
www.subventioncoucheslavables.com/Mixte/carte_regions_ quebec.html.
42. April Streeter, “From a Green Car Subsidy to a Green Diaper Rebate in Sweden,”
Treehugger.com (12 October 2009):
www.treehugger.com/
files/2009/10/
green_diaper_su.php.
43. Peggy O’Mara, “A Quiet Place: A Tale of Two Diapers,” Mothering 138 (September–October 2006): 12.
44. Robert W. Hollis, “The Ethics of Diapering,” Mothering 53 (Fall 1989): 30.
45. Jane Sarkin and Krista Smith, “Mommy’s Being Famous Right Now,” Vanity Fair 568 (December 2007): 298–303, 369–371.
46. Personal communication (6 January 2010).
47. Megan Kaplan, “Parents of Invention: gDiapers,” Cookie (November
2008):
www.cookiemag.com/homefront/2008/11/gdiapers.
48. See Note 36. 49. Ibid.: 8. 50. Ibid.: 14. 51. Personal communication (29 January 2010).
52. Cotton Babies, “Flip One-Size Diaper System,”
www.cottonbabies.
com/
product_info.php?products_id=2160.
53. Personal communication (14 January 2010).
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