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such as initial strength, thermal stability, shake-out etc. Both of these components are mixed together with the refractory material in a mixing unit prior to its use. Both binder systems are cured in a hot core box. Shell sand
requires typically temperatures of higher than 250C which are usually realized by electrical heating or gas burning heating. INOTEC is typically cured in the temperature range
between 150 and 210C depending on the core geometry— significantly lower than that of shell sand, thereby offering the chance for energy and cost savings. Strengths values (both hot and cold) are high enough for the
INOTEC cores to be handled. Additionally, inorganic cores have—by nature—a higher affinity to water. Tus storage stabil- ity is more critical than in case of shell sand cores. Inorganic cores need to be protected from long exposure to high humidity. Shell sand has probably the best flowability properties
of all sand/binder systems – there are almost no limitations in geometry. However, complex core geometries like water jackets of cylinder heads are also successfully produced in series production every day using the INOTEC binder sys- tem. Tis is thanks to both continuous product optimization and to substantial technical adjustments in terms of core box design but also in the core print design which is nowadays especially suited for the needs of inorganic binders systems. In case of shell sand, a significant amount of smoke and
gas is generated during the casting process. Such a smoke formation is a result of the thermal decomposition of the organic resin leading to all different kinds of toxic organic substances which are emitted to the environment. INOTEC binder systems produce no smoke formation. As a
consequence there is no tar formation or condensate build-up on the die molds leading to less cleaning efforts and consequently less costs. However, inorganic cores also generate gas to some extent during the casting process. In particular for water jackets in cylinder heads such gas needs to be driven out by a proper vacuum system. Figure 1 shows a comparison of the gas forma- tion (so-called COGAS measurement in liquid aluminum) of INOTEC and shell sand cores. As can be seen, the amount of gas is significantly lower—the amount of condensate for INO- TEC can be related to the amount of the released water. Just recently, the BMW light metal foundry in Landshut
要需常通砂型ד。化֡Иढਯ热֨系ѽ剂合ডय़Д
燃或热加电过通要需Јӑە常通，چ温ङ℃ 高й 。چ温此现实热加气 չ q)Ф间ङ温 ֨)+:54/，Јӑە常通
显明这ͺ状形Ѿәङਯ砂йӐՈ这，化֡ӄ֠ਸچ չਈਭ供提৲ђ，چ温ङ需۱化֡砂型ד来ԽйѺ 降Ѻ成本ङ机ѫ。 （چ强ङ高ל足有Ӏਯ砂)+:54/，И३过ҁ操֨
。水ъ更Їૅ性֨ਯ砂剂ৈড机无，י此。）Ӓչ热 机无。要重更性定६存ҥҿ，ਯ砂型דй比ब，此֜ 。Јӑەچ湿高й露暴间时长止防要需ਯ砂 Чә状形Ѿә即，ૅ性ङ样这有ӀЭ૯本砂型ד
ডৈ剂ѽ系ङ最҄流动 砂有۱是ਈՕ这（Ӳ限有没 מ每֨统系剂合ড)+:54/用҅，৲然。）ૅ性性 气ײ҆，ਯ砂ङ杂ז状形Ѿәф生ЭИф生量批ङ ગਯ砂֨չ化ѩսфङ续连йं是这。套水ङत缸 引۱整લ术技量םङ面方ઋગ印۸ਯ砂Ճљ面方ઋ 要需й合适Ӱ特ઋગਯ砂印۸яײ现，Иҿ（ङ起 。）ӑەङ系ѽ剂合ড机无 ם生фѫИ३过造铸֨，Јӑەङ砂型ד用҅֨ 量ङ烟չ气ѽ。这य़烟雾ङ形成是ं有机树脂ङ热 有毒有ङঝय़գЉ放排И境环էѫ，ङਚح۱આӣ 机物ૅ。 生фѫЉ，Јӑەङ系ѽ剂合ড)+:54/用҅֨ Љ，此֜。ङ机无Ҷ完是ૅ本ङ剂合ডО֜，雾烟 洁清صӗѫ这，物凝Ӓ聚॥或油焦生фЇӀ模֨ѫ ङ意注须必，৲然。本成मਭ此֜ѫЭ时գ，ҁ工 ङچ३定一生фѫЭਯ砂机无，И३过造铸֨，是 要需ѽ气य़这，套水ङИत缸气йث是Ӱ特。ѽ气 很Ѹ，砂型דйѷঝȍӟ排统系空ऱङ适合过通 דչ)+:54/дॐ显 ֣。ص较ѽ气ङ生ф，显明 ङИ铝ہ液ङવ۱（较比ङ成形ѽ气ङ心核砂型 )5-'9测量）。Օљरӟ，/45:+)ङ气ѽ量明显 更Ѻ，/45:+)
Fig.1: Comparison of gas and condensate formation between shell sand and INOTECTM. Measurement was done using a COGAS appara- tus in liquid aluminum.
-54/չ砂型ד： ֣ :+):3Ф间ङ气ѽչӒ 液֨。较比ङ成形物凝 ગ9'-5)用҅И铝ہ 。量测੧进ו
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FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION March 2017
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