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ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS


An introduction to A2L


Legislation is driving industry to use lower GWP refrigerants which has led to the development of a new family of mildly flammable refrigerants, the A2L class. Here, the Federation of Environmental Trade Associations (FETA) introduces this new family and dispels some of the surrounding myths.


It is vital to understand that A2L refrigerants must only be used in new systems designed specifically for their use. They should not be used to replace non- flammable refrigerants in retrofit situations.


T


he 2015 F-gas regulation is driving industry to use lower GWP refrigerants in many


applications.


The EU regulation (517/2014) which came into force on 1 January 2015, bans the use of HFC refrigerants with a GWP of over 2500 by 2020. Refrigerants with a GWP below 2500 will be phased down between now and 2030. As a result, a new family of refrigerants – both pure fluids and blends – has been developed. These are Hydro Fluoro Olefins (HFOs) – and new members of this family are continuing to be developed. A feature of many of these is that they are mildly flammable, and hence a new classification has been introduced to cover this feature – A2L.


Regulatory backround


ISO and IEC standards are international ‘safety in use’ type standards. European Norms or EN standards are typically based on an international standard.


EN378 is the primary standard that designers and installers use when considering the safety and design limitations of a system.


Standards and regulations will be changing in the future and these will enable the industry to make use of the new family of A2L refrigerants more extensively.


The A2L classification is only used 28 December 2016


The interaction between Standards


in reference to refrigeration and air conditioning systems and heat pump safety. It is used by standards like EN378 and ISO 5149 to determine the maximum allowable charge. For ADR, storage and handling, the local definition of hazardous material would apply. GHS is the agreed international standard. Most A2L


refrigerants are classified under GHS as highly flammable – an exception being R1234ze.


Currently, the HSE in the UK does not recognise the A2L classification and views these products as highly flammable. Hence, safety guidance will also need to be reviewed for installations containing A2L


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