Planning the Nutrition Intervention: The Nutrition Prescription and Disease Management 65


○ Total protein should be 15% to 20% of calories (encourage vegetable protein to help achieve SFA goal). (LD, Consensus)2


○ Total carbohydrate should be 45% to 60% of kcals (with emphasis on high fiber and complex carbohy- drate sources and avoidance of refined carbohydrate foods). (Consensus)2


• For individuals with metabolic syndrome or with ele- vated triglyceride levels (150 mg/dL or greater), a calorie-controlled cardioprotective eating pattern that avoids extremes in carbohydrate and fat intake, limits added sugar and alcohol, and includes physical activity (PA) at moderate intensity levels for at least 30 minutes on most (preferably all) days of the week is recom- mended. Weight loss of 7% to 10% of body weight is encouraged. (LD, Fair)2


• Resistance exercise for a minimum of 2 d/wk and mod- erate intensity PA for at least 30 minutes most, if not all, days of the week is recommended. Many individu- als will have to start slowly and increase gradually to achieve goals. (LD, Strong)2


American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Lifestyle Guidelines to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk


• Lifestyle modification (ie, adhering to a heart-healthy eating pattern, regular exercise habits, avoidance of tobacco products, and maintenance of a healthy weight) is a critical component of health promotion and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction, both prior to and in concert with the use of cholester- ol-lowering drug therapies.3 • To decrease LDL-C levels4


:


○ consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; includes low-fat


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