Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guidelines and the Nutrition Care Process


5


guidelines recommend advising adults who would benefit from lowering LDL-C levels to follow eating plans such as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), which is rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated and total fat content), the US Department of Agriculture Food Pattern (ie, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans), or the AHA nutrition guide- lines. The guidelines report an achieved macronutrient intake of 5% to 6% saturated fat and 26% to 27% total fat with LDL-C concentration lowered by 11 to 13 mg/dL.13


Hypertension


MNT for HTN provided by RDNs using individual and group sessions reduces blood pressure (BP) in persons with HTN or pre-HTN.3


Reductions in systolic BP (SBP) of up


to 10 mm Hg and in diastolic BP (DBP) of up to 6 mm Hg are reported when MNT is provided at least 2 to 3 times per year. These reductions have been sustained for up to 4 years when MNT is provided at least 2 to 3 times per year.3


Both a


healthy eating pattern, such as DASH, and reduced sodium intake independently reduce BP. However, the BP-lowering effect is greater when the two are combined.3


The DASH


eating pattern with a sodium range of 1,500 to 2,400 mg reduced SBP by 2 to 11 mm Hg and DBP by 0 to 9 mm Hg in overweight or obese adults with HTN regardless of anti- hypertensive medications.3


DASH plus weight loss reduced


SBP 11 to 16 mm Hg and DBP 6 to 10 mm Hg. Further- more, among adults at all BP levels, PA decreases SBP and DBP on the average by 2 to 5 mm Hg and 1 to 4 mm Hg, respectively.13


Diabetes


Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is primarily a disease of insulin deficiency, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease that results from defects in insulin action (insulin


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