Implementing Nutrition Intervention: Nutrition Education and Nutrition Counseling


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CHD, two fish servings (4 oz each) per week are rec- ommended. For clients with CHD, two or more fish servings per week are recommended. (LD, Fair)7


• Foods rich in plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids (α- linolenic acid) can be recommended to reduce the risk of CVD. (LD, Fair)7


• If clients consume eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements or EPA alone: ○ for clients without CHD, advise that studies have not been done in clients without CHD;


○ for clients with CHD but no angina or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), supplementation with 850 mg/d EPA and/or DHA reduced sudden death by 45%;


○ for clients with CHD with angina or ICDs, supple- ments may be contraindicated; and


○ consumption of more than 3 g of omega-3 fatty acids per day may cause gastrointestinal symptoms. (LD, Fair)7


• If an individual has elevated triglyceride levels (more than 150 to 200 mg/dL), in addition to lifestyle ther- apies, high-dose supplemental EPA and/or DHA capsules (2 to 4 g/d) may be used under medical super- vision. (LD, Strong)7


• Consuming omega-3 fatty acids may not benefit HTN management. (HTN, Fair)3


• Evidence does not support recommending omega-3 (EPA and DHA) supplements for people with diabe- tes for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular events. (ADA, A)5


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