obesogenic environment, 20, 32, 272–274 acceptance-based behavioral therapy in, 230 definition of, 272


ultraprocessed and hyperpalatable foods in, 108, 272–274, 277


obligatory thermic effect of food, 7f, 8 obstructive sleep apnea, 20, 21f, 22 bariatric surgery in, 91, 260 postoperative outcomes in, 266 preoperative evaluation in, 264, 264b medical assessment of, 84 neck circumference measurement in, 87 polysomnography in, 89 questionnaire in assessment of, 152, 159t screening for, 87


occupation. See employment off-label uses of weight management drugs, 260, 261b olanzapine, weight gain associated with, 84, 260b older adults, 19–20, 82 behavioral health assessment in, 147, 156t, 159 counseling of, 245 depression in, 147, 156t physical activity recommendations for, 209 sarcopenia in, 19, 82, 203 strength and resistance training in, 203, 209


open-ended questions in motivational interviewing, 232, 233b operant conditioning, 221, 226 orlistat, 31, 256t, 303 osteoarthritis, 88, 91, 209 overfeeding


animal studies of, 3, 4f brain response in, 14, 16 nonexercise activity thermogenesis in, 8


overweight


bias and stigma in, 44–53. See also weight bias and stigma body mass index in, 2, 3t, 21f, 85 co-occurrence with eating disorders, 288–291 diabetes risk in, 167 evidence-based treatment guidelines in, 59–65 mortality risk in, 21f, 274 prevalence of, 343 in transgender patients, 90, 91b treatment interventions in. See treatment interventions oxygen isotope in doubly labeled water technique, 98–99, 118


P Pacific Islanders


antiobesity medications in, 31 in culturally sensitive lifestyle interventions, 33 in Diabetes Prevention Program, 167 as health care providers and researchers, 32 prevalence of obesity in, 26 racism experienced by, 28


paleo diet, 106b, 110 pancreatic beta cells, lipid accumulation in, 20 pancreatic polypeptide, physical activity affecting, 199 paradoxical dieting, 294, 294f paradoxical effect of obesity, 23 paraventricular nucleus, 10, 11f


384 INDEX


patient burden in behavioral health assessment, 145, 155 in nutrition assessment, 102b, 103b, 104, 105 and energy expenditure measurement, 98, 99


in physical activity assessment, 122, 127, 128, 137 comparison of methods, 120t–121t, 127f and energy expenditure measurement, 118, 119 with wearable devices, 121t, 124


in technology-based interventions, 325


patient-centered care, 67–76 alignment of preferences and treatment in, 69–70, 73b–74b case study on, 73b–74b challenges in, 75, 76 in Chronic Care Model, 279 components of, 67 in counseling, 244 in eating disorders, 304 empathy in, 69, 72, 73b, 74b goals in, 35, 53, 69–70, 71b, 75 in group setting, 72–73 for individual patients, 72, 73b–74b in long-term weight maintenance, 276 motivational interviewing in, 69, 72, 73b–74b, 76, 231, 235 origin of term, 67 rapport and trust in, 68b, 68–69 reflective listening in, 69, 72 shared decision making in, 69–72, 73b–74b, 76 weight sensitivity in, 51


Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), 147 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 147, 148, 154, 156t Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 348, 349, 350, 361 patient–provider relationship, 208 biases affecting, 33–34, 36, 37, 50, 359 in eating disorders, 291–292 in Chronic Care Model, 279


communication in. See communication in patient–provider relationship


concordance in race and ethnicity affecting, 32, 36 in counseling, 244 in motivational interviewing, 69, 72, 153–154, 231–236 in patient-centered care, 67–76 and physical activity recommendations, 208


payment structures, 352–358 business arrangements, 355, 356b–357b, 357 fee-for-service arrangements, 352–354, 353b, 354b value-based, 354–355 value proposition on, 357–358


pedometers, 121t, 123, 127f, 320 peer support


in cognitive-behavioral therapy, 223 in Health at Every Size, 241, 242 in interprofessional team approach, 338 peer victimization in weight stigma, 46


Pennington Biomedical Research Center Weight Loss Predictor Calculator, 182, 183b


peptide YY, 11, 12b, 14, 15f, 199 Perceived Stress Scale, 150, 158t


performance model on physical activity and energy expenditure, 199–200, 201f


periodic fasting, 186–187 Pew Research Center, 316 pharmacotherapy. See drug therapy


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