treatment format and structure in, 246


coverage of services. See health insurance coverage COVID-19 pandemic, 37, 278, 279, 282 technology use in, 278, 279, 282, 316, 318, 343


cravings, 149, 157t, 272 credentials and certification, 338–341 of exercise specialists, 337 organizations providing, 32, 37, 337, 338, 339b–340b, 340–341 of registered dietitian nutritionists, 336, 357, 358


criterion measures of energy expenditure, 118–119, 121t, 124, 127f, 128


Crossing the Quality Chasm (Institute of Medicine), 68 cultural and social influences. See sociocultural factors


Current Procedural Terminology codes, 352–353, 353b, 354b, 359b, 360


Cushing syndrome, 84, 87, 87f D


DARN strategy, 234, 234b decision-making autonomy of patients in, 35, 51, 231 in Chronic Care Model, 279, 280b on dietary interventions, 183, 190 environment affecting, 30 in evidence-based practice, 59, 63–64, 69 goals and motivation of patients in, 35, 69–70 informed, 35–36, 63, 68, 69–70 mindful, 228 in patient-centered care, 67–76 on physical activity assessment, 125, 126f, 127, 127f shared, 63, 69–72, 73b–74b, 76 lack of, as barrier to care, 359, 360b


defended weight, 6, 14 definition of obesity, 2–3 body mass index in, 2–3, 3t, 18, 80


degenerative joint disease, 20, 22 depression acceptance-based behavioral therapy in, 230 assessment of, 145–146, 147–148, 154 questionnaires in, 147, 148, 150, 156t, 158t and binge eating, 83 and binge eating disorder, 291 drug therapy in, 146, 258, 259b eating behaviors in, 83, 145–146, 148, 293 interpersonal psychotherapy in, 301 and obesity, 20, 145–146, 147 physical activity in, 203–204 in racism, 27 sleep affecting, 152 suicidality in, 148


in weight bias and stigma, 48


Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, 150, 158t desire, in change talk, 234, 234b Determinants of Physical Activity Questionnaire, 135


device-based measures of activity. See wearable devices in activi- ty measurement


diabetes mellitus drug therapy in, 258, 349 weight gain associated with, 84, 259, 259b


372 INDEX


family history of, 84, 111b gestational, 82 laboratory tests in, 89 medical nutrition therapy in, 349 type 2. See type 2 diabetes mellitus


Diabetes Prevention Program, 166, 167–174 cognitive-behavioral therapy in, 222 evidence-based lifestyle interventions in, 222 maintenance phase in, 170 mobile apps using strategies from, 322 National, 174 Outcomes Study in, 172–174 publications on, 172


Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 149, 157t on eating disorders, 287, 287b, 288


dialectical behavior therapy in binge eating disorder, 301 diaries


on diet, 102b, 104, 105 on physical activity, 119, 120t


diet, 9–13, 182–190 in acceptance and commitment therapy, 226, 228, 229–230 animal studies of, 3, 4, 4f, 6 and appetite. See appetite assessment of, 98–112 energy requirements in, 98–102 food access and food security in, 105–108 history-taking in, 82–83, 102–105, 106b laboratory tests in, 88 nutritional knowledge as factor in, 106b, 110 nutrition specialists in, 336 physical examination in, 88, 98, 109–110, 110b–112b preoperative, in bariatric surgery, 92, 110b, 264, 264b screening tools in, 103b, 105 self-reports in, 9, 102b–103b, 102–105 sociocultural factors in, 105, 106b, 108–109, 155 summary of additional elements in, 105, 106b–107b in transgender patients, 91b types of foods in, 83, 106b, 108 in bariatric surgery postoperative, 264–267, 266b preoperative assessment of, 92, 110b, 264, 265b


in behavioral weight loss therapy, 295, 302 in cognitive-behavioral therapy, 220–225 in Diabetes Prevention Program, 168b, 169–170, 172 in eating disorders, 292, 294–299 self-directed dieting in, 292–293 self-monitoring of, 298


and energy balance, 100–102, 182–190 energy density of foods in. See energy density of foods energy intake in. See energy intake


evidence-based guidelines on. See evidence-based guide- lines, on diet


in Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, 174 in Health at Every Size, 238 hyperpalatable foods in, 272–274, 274b, 277 hypothalamic regulation of, 9–10, 10f in intermittent-fasting, 187–188 in intuitive eating, 237–238 ketogenic, 185 in long-term weight management, 275–277 in Look AHEAD, 175, 176, 178, 179


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