Table 9.10. Summary of impact distances for fish around mid-water column (e.g. pelagic fish), estimated for pile driving during construction at East Anglia THREE for different hammer energies. Behavioural disturbance of area is stated as the minimum to the 95th percentile impact distance, where the actual impact distance within this range will depend on the transect and piling location. Larger impact distances may occur along limited transects for some locations (their approximate extent is indicated in brackets). Impact ranges are rounded up to the nearest 50m for distance of 500m and less, up to the nearest 500m for distances of 3km and less, and up to the nearest 1km for distances greater than 3km.


Impact criterion Instantaneous injury / PTS


(peak pressure level 206dB re 1 μPa)


Startle response


(peak pressure level 200dB re 1 μPa)


Behavioural disturbance


(peak pressure level 168 - 173dB re 1 μPa)


†95th percentile impact range.


~10 to 25†km


(~28km)


~12 to 30†km


(~35km)


~12 to 32†km


(~37km)


~14 to 37†km


(~44km)


~16 to 40†km


(~48km) <350m <500m <500m <1.0km <1.0km


1,400kJ hammer energy


2,000kJ hammer energy


2,300kJ hammer energy


3,000kJ hammer energy


3,500kJ hammer energy


<100m <150m <150m <200m <250m


Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014


East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm Appendix 9.1 Underwater Noise Modelling 51


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