Plate 9.9. Single pile propagation model output (see Section 9.4 for details) for a pinniped indicating possible fleeing response (based on instantaneous TTS) for a 3,500 kJ hammer strike energy at East Anglia THREE (example location based on Location ID17, Table 9.13, Annex C). White indicates a depth of < 0 m for tidal height modelled (HAT).


9.6.1.1.4 Empirical Evidence of the Impact of Underwater Noise from Marine Piling on Free Ranging Marine Mammals


107. A number of relatively recent studies have been carried out on the behavioural response of marine mammals to impact piling activities (e.g. Cartensen et al. 2006, Tougaard et al. 2009, Thompson et al. 2010, Brandt et al. 2011; Dähne et al. 2013). These studies employed passive acoustic monitoring in the form of T-PODs (Chelonia Ltd.) to determine any change in vocalisation occurrence which was taken to be an indicator of reduced activity of cetaceans in the study area, including harbour porpoise and dolphins. Carstensen et al. (2006) studied the echolocation activity of harbour porpoise around the Nysted Danish offshore windfarm in the Baltic Sea. The Nysted windfarm is situated in relatively shallow water of around 6m to 9m depth. Although no actual noise levels due to the piling (ramming and vibration) were recorded, T-PODs placed out to a distance of around 15km from the foundation location indicated an observable reduction in vocalisation activity for periods that exceeded the piling time needed to install a sheet pile as a foundation support. This


Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014


East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm Appendix 9.1 Underwater Noise Modelling 47


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