East Anglia ONE


EMF Assessment


voltage gradients, as low as 5 to 20nV/m (Kalmijn 1982; Tricas & New 1998). Species that have specialised electroreceptors naturally detect bioelectric emissions from prey, conspecifics and potential predators/competitors (the latter being more likely for early life history stages). The electrosense is primarily used in close proximity to the source and other senses (such as hearing or smell) are used at distances of more than approximately 30cm. This means that the electrosense is highly tuned for the final stages of feeding or detecting conspecifics and predators.


Other species that are electrosensitive (e.g. agnathans) do not possess specialized electroreceptors but are able to detect induced voltage gradients associated with water movement through the geomagnetic field. The actual sensory mechanism of detection is not yet properly understood. It is likely that the E fields that these species respond to are associated with peak tidal movements (Pals et al 1982).


Table 10. List of electrosensitive species in UK coastal waters (adapted from Gill et al 2005) Species


Common name Relative occurrence in UK waters


Elasmobranchii Sharks Cetorhinus maximus


Galeorhinus galeus Lamna nasus


Mustelus asterias


Scyliorhinus canicula Squalus acanthias


Alopias vulpinus


Chlamydoselachus anguineus


Dalatias licha


Isurus oxyrinchus Mustelus mustelus


Prionace glauca Scyliorhinus stellaris


Centrophorus squamosus Centroscyllium fabricii


Deania calcea


Echinorhinus brucus Etmopterus spinax


Galeus melastomus Heptranchias perlo


J3184 EAONE v2


Basking shark Tope


Porbeagle


Starry smooth- hound


Small-spotted catshark


Spurdog Thintail thresher Frilled shark


Kitefin shark Shortfin mako


Common Common Common


Common Common


Common Occasional Occasional


Occasional Occasional


Smooth-hound Occasional Blue shark Nursehound


Leafscale gulper shark


Black dogfish


Birdbeak dogfish Bramble shark


Velvet belly lantern shark


Blackmouth catshark


Sharpnose sevengill 22


Rare Rare


Rare Rare


Rare Rare


Rare


Occasional Occasional


 


Evidence of response to E fields


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150