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PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF NAADS 45


on the assumption that all members participate equally and that any out- come from such a participatory process reflects the collective position of farmers, which is supposed to be fundamental to the implementation of the NAADS program. As previously, we analyze these indicators using data from the farmer group surveys, with the mean values of the indicators compared across the different strata of participation and nonparticipation in the NAADS program. Detailed results are reported in Table 4.4.


Participation in Meetings


We find that the level of participation of farmers in meetings was very high among all farmer groups, that is, in both NAADS-participating and -non- participating groups. However, we find that the level of participation in meetings was relatively higher among the NAADS-nonparticipating groups. Because NAADS-participating groups are formed from existing groups in the communities, this result is somewhat surprising, but it could be a result of including new activities that some members of some groups may feel are not in line with the groups’ original goals and objectives. This suggests that efforts to build farmers’ capacity to demand advisory services are likely to be more effective when those efforts are targeted toward existing farmer groups with similar or complementary goals and objectives. Thus the strat- egy of the NAADS program to collaborate with other organizations that have experience in farmer institutional development is aimed in the right direc- tion. The program can focus effort on developing strategies for group viabil- ity and sustainability that lead to productive meetings and empowerment of farmers.


Participation in Enterprise Selection, Demonstrations, and Training The information here was restricted to NAADS-participating groups only, because it was not relevant to the others. We find decreasing participation of members in enterprise selection with length of time since entry into the program, which could be expected because most of the participating groups in the early NAADS subcounties stratum may have already selected most of the enterprises of their choice, reducing their zeal to further participate in this activity. For newer groups, on the other hand, this is an initial activ- ity on which immediate decisions have to be made in order to access any further support from the NAADS program. These results suggest a shift in interest among the older NAADS-participating groups from basic agronomic and production practices to participation in other activities such as those up the value chain, including marketing and value addition. To this end, opera- tionalization of NAADS’ strategy regarding graduation of activities up the entire value chain is critical. However, if the process is to work dynamically


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