PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF NAADS 43 Farmer Institutional Capacity Development
In the survey farmer groups were asked to reveal the areas in which they had received any form of training or capacity strengthening in areas includ- ing rights and responsibilities; group initiation, growth, and development; leadership skills and development; developing a constitution or bylaws; plan- ning (e.g., enterprise selection and identification of constraints); monitoring and evaluation; entrepreneurship skills (farming as a business); sustainable natural resource management; marketing; gender consideration in group devel- opment and agricultural production; HIV/AIDS consideration in group develop- ment and agricultural production; record keeping; savings mobilization; income- generating activities; and intergroup farmer associations. Table 4.3 shows the proportion of farmer groups that received training on these, as well as hypothesis tests of differences between non-NAADS and NAADS subcounty cohorts.
The areas in which farmer groups most commonly reported that they had received training included development of a group constitution and bylaws, leadership skills, growth and development, planning, record keeping, and sav- ings mobilization. More than 70 percent of the groups in NAADS subcounties reported receiving this training. Accessing credit and intergroup relations were the areas of training least commonly offered, with fewer than 60 percent of the groups in NAADS subcounties reporting any training activity in these areas. Interestingly, farmer groups in the non-NAADS subcounties stratum also reported having received training in these areas, although the percentage of groups reporting any training activity was lower (about 50 percent). Comparing the training received across the NAADS cohorts shows that a larger proportion of those in the early NAADS subcounties reported having received training in any of the areas. This may be expected given that it takes time to get things going. To the extent that the training strengthens the skills and institutional capacity of farmers to potentially improve their natu- ral resource management and productivity, for example, the impact of the NAADS program can be expected to be proportionally related to the length of time the program has been implemented in an area, other things remaining the same.
Participation in Group Activities
First we look at the level of participation of individual farmers in group activities including meetings, enterprise selection, TDS establishment, dem- onstrations, and training, among others, and then we examine key factors perceived by groups as being important for group development and member- ship, including gender, age, religion, assets, and residence, among others. Participation is used as an indicator of collective action, which is predicated
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