6 CHAPTER 1
and financial assets, skills, and knowledge rather than destitute or large- scale farmers—through farmers’ forums based on specific profitable enterprises, which makes the program enterprise based. The issue of empowerment—which, broadly defined, refers more to a process than to an event of increasing the spiritual, political, social, or economic strength of individuals and communi- ties or of making state and social institutions more responsive to individuals and communities (World Bank 2001)—is critical.
The process of empowerment in the NAADS program is supposed to be as follows. When a farmer decides to participate, he or she has to do so through membership in a NAADS-participating farmer group. Each farmer group, together with members of other NAADS-participating groups in the subcounty, first prioritizes three enterprises (which can be a crop, livestock, fishery, or beekeeping activity or a mixture of those) and requests specific technolo- gies and advisory services associated with their preferred enterprises. It also applies for grants to procure those technologies and related advisory services. The information is forwarded to a subcounty farmer forum by which three or four specific enterprises are selected to be supported under the NAADS program for the subcounty. The Secretariat then works with the subcounty to provide the grants and contract and supervise private professional firms to provide specialized services through demonstrations on the field of a member of the farmer group (or host farmer)—the technology development site (TDS). The host farmer is chosen by fellow members of the group. The establish- ment of the initial TDS is financed from the grant, and proceeds from the TDS become a revolving fund for members. Selected farmers (community- based facilitators, CBFs) are also trained to extend follow-up services. NAADS coordinators at the district and subcounty levels work with farmer forum executives to manage the allocation of service contracts and to monitor and evaluate the performance of the service providers.
The NAADS program was initiated in 2001 as a pilot program in six dis- tricts (Arua, Kabale, Kibaale, Mukono, Soroti, and Tororo) and a total of 24 subcounties within the districts. A few districts and subcounties were added each year, primarily to enable them to benefit from learning by doing. By the end of the 2006–07 financial year, the program had been extended to 545 subcounties (representing 83.1 percent of the total subcounties in Uganda at the time). About 1,622 contracts had been signed with private-sector agen- cies to provide various specialized services for more than 40 enterprises that had been identified. In the process, about 2,516 CBFs had been trained to provide follow-up services, and 40,000 farmer groups and 716,000 farmers (representing 20 percent of the national farming households) had received services from the program (Uganda, NAADS Secretariat 2007).
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