9 Iscaguard LIN ® Iscaguard® LIN is a strongly synergistic blend of


methyldibromo glutaronitrile, bronopol, phenoxyethanol, butylparaben and isobutylparaben giving the advantages of broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection and ease of liquid handling.


The synergistic activity of Iscaguard® LIN allows very low


use concentrations (typically between 0.03 – 0.15%). This activity is similar to that of isothiazolinone-based preservatives.


The low concentrations required of Iscaguard® LIN


enhance the safety profile of the product, as much lower concentrations of the individual components are present in the final product compared to normal usage. When using Iscaguard®


LIN, the concentration of bronopol, for


example, is reduced by a factor of between 5 – 12. This substantial reduction in bronopol concentrations has critical implications for nitrosamine formation in products containing amines. At normal bronopol use concentrations (200 – 400ppm), there is an increase in the potential for nitrosamine formation when amines are present. Evidence suggests, however, that nitrosamine formation is not detectable in formulations containing both Iscaguard®


LIN and amines such as triethanolamine and


stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, even after prolonged storage. Iscaguard®


LIN may, therefore, be used in


amine-based formulations, although testing to confirm the absence of nitrosamines is strongly recommended. Iscaguard®


LIN is effective over the range pH 3.0 – 7.5 and


is non-irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes at the recommended use concentrations.


Iscaguard® LIN retains its activity in the presence of proteins and nonionic emulsifiers.


Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus


Enterococcus faecium Candida albicans Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus niger 0.03


0.0275 0.035


0.0125 0.0125


0.04


Table 22 Antimicrobial activity of Iscaguard® Microorganism


Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli Proteus vulgaris


LIN


Minimum inhibitory concentration (%)


0.035 0.025


0.0175


ISCA Iscaguard®


Preservative Blends


Regulatory Status Iscaguard®


LIN is permitted for use in rinse-off products in


the European Union (maximum 0.77%) and the USA (maximum 0.77%). Iscaguard®


LIN is not permitted for


use in Japan. INCI name: phenoxyethanol, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, butylparaben, isobutylparaben.


Using Iscaguard® Iscaguard®


LIN LIN is soluble in water to approximately


0.4% – significantly greater than the typical use concentrations – but it is preferable to pre-dissolve the product in a non-aqueous component prior to addition. This avoids the need to heat Iscaguard®


LIN, as the


product should not be exposed to temperatures above 40°C for prolonged periods.


Iscaguard® LIN may discolour on exposure to UV light and should be stored in the original container.


Table 21 Solubility of Iscaguard® Water


Propylene glycol Butylene glycol


LIN (% w/w @ 25°C)


Approx. 0.4% Miscible Miscible


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