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Program directors are in charge of on-air programming in radio stations. Program directors decide what type of music will be played, supervise on-air per- sonnel, and often select the specific songs and the order in which they will be played. Considerable experience, usually as a disc jockey, is required, as well as a thorough knowledge of music.


NEWS-RELATED OCCUPATIONS News, weather, and sports reports are important to many television stations because these reports attract a large audi- ence and account for a large proportion of revenue. Many radio stations depend on up-to-the-minute news for a major share of their programming. Program production staff such as producers and announcers, also work on the production of news programs. Reporters gather information from various sources, analyze and prepare news stories, and present information on the air. Correspondents report on news occurring in U.S. and foreign cities in which they are stationed. News writers write and edit news stories from information collected by reporters. News writers may advance to positions as reporters or correspondents. Broadcast news analysts, also known as news anchors, analyze, interpret, and broadcast news received from various sources. News anchors present news sto- ries and introduce videotaped news or live transmissions from on-the-scene reporters. Newscasters at large stations may specialize in a particular field. Weathercasters, also called weather reporters, report cur- rent and forecasted weather conditions. They gather information from national satellite weather services, wire services, and local and regional weather bureaus. Some weathercasters are trained atmospheric sci- entists and can develop their own weather forecasts. Sportscasters, who are respon- sible for reporting sporting events, usually select, write, and deliver the sports news for each newscast.


Assistant news directors supervise the newsroom; they coordinate wire service


Television and video camera


reports, tape or film inserts, and stories from individual news writers and reporters. Assignment editors assign stories to news teams, sending the teams on location if necessary. News directors have overall responsibili- ty for the news team made up of reporters, writers, editors, and newscasters as well as studio and mobile unit production crews. This senior administrative position entails responsibilities that include determining what events to cover, and how and when they will be presented in a news broadcast.


TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS Employees in these occupations operate and maintain the electronic equipment that records and transmits radio or television programs. The titles of some of these occupations use the terms “engineer,” “technician,” and “operator” interchangeably.


Radio operators manage equipment that regulates the signal strength, clarity, and range of sounds and colors of broad- casts. They also monitor and log outgoing signals and operate transmitters. Audio and video equipment technicians operate equipment to regulate the volume, sound quality, brightness, contrast, and visual quality of a broadcast. Broadcast technicians set up and maintain electron- ic broadcasting equipment. Their work can extend outside the studio, as when they set up portable transmitting equipment or maintain stationary towers.


S A L U D O S 89 H I S P A N O S


operators set up and operate studio cam- eras, which are used in the television studio, and electronic news gathering cameras, which are mobile and used outside the stu- dio when a news team is pursuing a story at another location. Camera operators need training in video production as well as some experience in television production. Camera operators working on mobile news teams must have the physical stamina to carry and set up their equipment. Technological changes have enabled some camera operators also to fulfill the tasks of broadcast technicians, operating the transmission and editing equipment on a remote broadcasting truck. Master control engineers ensure that all of the radio or television station’s scheduled program elements, such as on- location feeds, prerecorded segments, and


commercials, are smoothly transmitted. They also are responsible for ensuring that transmissions meet FCC requirements. Technical directors direct the studio and control room technical staff during the production of a program. They need a thor- ough understanding of both the production and technical aspects of broadcasting; this knowledge often is acquired by working as a lighting director or camera operator, or as another type of broadcast worker. Network and computer systems administrators and network systems and data communications analysts design, set up, and maintain systems of


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