The potential of international and
regional cooperation
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate national level. Successful agreements tend to be
Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol have made environmentally effective and cost-effective, to
notable achievements in addressing the challenges reflect the need for equity, and are institutionally
climate change imposes on humanity. Responding feasible.
globally to the climate change problem, stimulating
an array of national policies, creating an internation- Efforts to address climate change can include diverse
al carbon market and establishing new institutional elements such as emissions targets; sectoral, local,
mechanisms may provide the foundation for future sub-national and regional actions; research, devel-
efforts to slow climate change. But to be more envi- opment and demonstration (RD&D) programmes;
ronmentally effective, future mitigation efforts would adopting common policies; implementing develop-
need to achieve deeper reductions covering activities ment-oriented actions; or expanding financing instru-
with a higher share of global emissions. ments. These elements can be implemented in an in-
tegrated fashion, but comparing the efforts made by
Cooperation provides many options for achieving different countries quantitatively would be complex
reductions of global GHG emissions at the inter- and resource-intensive.
Climate negotiations in the course of time
Back in time:
Kyoto protocol:
global GHG emissions target: -5% by 2012
The World Conservation Union Meeting The UN General Assembly
the planet seems to be warming
principle of GHG emissions trade
in Copenhagen, 1954
declares climate change
a “common humanity concern” human activity seems to be
1
st
Earth Summit Stockholm, 1972
IPCC created
responsible for it the “balance of evidence”
more time is needed to confirm
points to a “discernable
Toronto Scientific
these two assumptions
human influence on the
Conference global climate system”
on the Changing 2nd Earth Summit
Atmosphere Rio de Janeiro 2
nd
IPCC report
calls for a 20% cut to UNFCC created
1988 GHG emissions The Rio Convention UNFCCC Kyoto
1
st
World Climate
by 2005 calls for a stabilisation COP 1 Conference
Conference
of GHG emissions by
Berlin (COP 3)
Geneva
2000
1
st
IPCC report
intensive negotiations
1979 1988 1990 1992 1995 1997
Sources: UNFCC, IPCC, Greenpeace. first published in: GRID-Arendal,Vital Climate Graphics, 2005.
50 Planet in Peril
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