Mitigation techniques and strategies today and tomorrow
Strategies available today Strategies available tomorrow*
• hybrid and more fuel-efficient vehicles • second generation biofuels
• cleaner diesel engines • higher-efficiency aircraft
TRANSPORT
• biofuels • advanced electric and hybrid vehicles with
• shifts from road to rail and public transport more powerful and reliable batteries
• cycling and walking
• land use and transport planning
• more efficient appliances • integrated design of commercial buildings
• efficient lighting including technologies such as intelligent
• improved insulation
meters that provide feedback and control
BUILDINGS
• use of daylight • solar photovoltaics integrated in buildings
• passive and active solar design
• alternative refrigeration fluids
• recovery and recycling of fluorinated gases
• more efficient electrical equipment • advanced energy efficiency
• heat and power recovery • CCS for cement, ammonia and iron manufacture
INDUSTRY • material recycling and substitution • inert electrodes for aluminium
• control of non-CO2 gas emissions
• a wide array of process-specific manufacture
• improved crop and pasture management to • Improved crop yields
increase soil carbon storage
• restoration of cultivated peaty soils and
AGRICULTURE degraded land
• improved rice-growing techniques and livestock and
manure management to reduce methane emissions
• improved nitrogen fertilizer
• afforestation and reforestation • tree species improvement to increase biomass
• reducing deforestation
productivity and carbon sequestration
FORESTRY
• improved management of forest resources • improved remote sensing technology to analyse
• use of wood for bio-energy to replace fossil fuels
the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation
and soils, and mapchanges in land-use
• recovering methane from landfills • biocovers and biofilters to optimize methane
• waste incineration with energy recovery oxidization (such technologies improve methane
WASTE
• composting organic waste
combustion by minimizing carbon emissions).
• controlled wastewater treatment
• recycling and minimising waste
*expected to be available commercially before 2030 according to the IPCC
Adaptation and mitigation 43
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