Reported changes in physical and biological systems between 1970 and 2004
North America:
355, 94%
455, 92%
Europe:
119, 94%
28 115, 89%
Asia:
106, 96%
8, 100%
Africa:
5, 100%
2, 100%
Latin America:
53, 98%
5, 100%
Australia and New Zealand:
6, 100%
Marine and freshwater systems
0
1
85, 99%
Note: only the approximate location and
Physical systems Biological systems
number of observations are reproduced.
(snow, glaciers, runoff, etc.) (ecosystem alterations, species loss, etc.)
The percentage shows how many of the
observations are consistent with warming.
Polar regions:
106, 96%
8, 100%
Source: IPCC, 2007.
Natural systems affected of steps to adapt to changing climate, and because of
Observations from across the world show that many factors unrelated to it. They range across areas as dif-
natural systems are being affected by regional climate ferent as planting crops earlier in spring to changes in
changes, especially by temperature increases. allergic pollen distribution in the Northern Hemisphere,
changes in the extension of areas where infectious
Other effects of regional climate change on humans diseases are transmitted or effects on activities de-
and ecosystems than the ones already described are pending for example on snow and ice cover such as
emerging. Many are difficult to pinpoint, both because mountain sports.
Present changes, causes and observed impacts 13
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