The figures indicate carbon storage and flows, expressed in Gigatonnes
(1 000 million tonnes) of carbon.
The arrows are proportionate to the volume of carbon.
The figures for the flows express amounts exchanged annually.
Speed of exchange process
Very fast (less than a year)
Fast (1 to 10 years)
Slow (10 to 100 years)
Very slow (more than 100 years)
Fossil fuel 92
related emissions
6 to 8
Atmosphere
750
Ocean-atmosphere
exchange
Marine organisms
3
Surface waters 40
Dissolved 90 1 020
organic 4
carbon
Hydrosphere 92
Coalfield
700
38 000
6
3 000
50
Lithosphere:
marine sediment Surface water-ocean
and sedimentary rocks depth exchange
66 000 to 100 million
Oil and gas field
300
100
Sediment
150
Present changes, causes and observed impacts 15
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