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Modelling applications


FOCUS


calculated, identified and assessed, and the design influenced where appropriate. The research undertaken demonstrates the


value of FDS modelling as a tool to understand and predict likely radiation emitted and received from hob fire scenarios within open plan apartments. This data can then be used to support more simplistic numerical analysis to understand the overall thermal dose received by occupants along the path of travel. Some of the issues that should be considered as part of a robust design process for open plan apartments incorporating kitchens/ cooking facilities are: • a conservative design fire size accounting for a reasonable worst case hob fire


• the ‘hob’ location with respect to being placed in or near to the corner of the room


• the ‘hob’ location with respect to where a person would stand while opening the door to affect their egress from the apartment, as the person is subjected to sustained radiation as they open the door


• the intended layout of the apartment with regard to area use and likely furniture locations when assessing likely egress routes through the main space





the collective building occupants and whether large populations of vulnerable person are present


• occupant behaviour and sensitivity scenarios, eg parents having to pass the fire location twice when retrieving young children


Robert Parkinson is a fire engineer and Reece Walker is a senior fire engineer at Arup. For more information, view page 5


References 1. Fire Statistics, Great Britain, 2011 to 2012, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012 – fires for which the fire and rescue service have attended the scene


2. ‘Towards the Characterization of Building occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capabilities of Disabled People to negotiate Doors’, KE Boyce, TJ Shields, GWH Silcock, Fire Technology, Vol 35, 1999


3. ‘Residential Kitchen Fire Suppression Research Needs: Workshop Proceedings’, D Madrzykowski, A Hamins, S Mehta, NIST Special Publication 1066, 2007


4. BS 7974: The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings, Part 6: Human factors: Life safety strategies – Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub system 6), 2004


5. CIBSE Guide E, Fire Safety Engineering, 3rd Edition, 2010


6. Chapter 68, ‘Effects of Thermal Radiation on People: Predicting 1st and 2nd Degree Skin Burns’, CJ Wieczorek, NA Dembsey, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Fifth Edition, 2016


7.


‘Vulnerability of Humans’, OGP 434-14.1, International Oil & Gas Association, 2010


8. ‘Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products’, DA Purser, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Third Edition, Section 2, Chapter 6, NFPA, 2002


9. BS 8524: Active Fire Curtain Barrier Assemblies, Part 2: Code of Practice for Application, Installation and Maintenance, 2013


www.frmjournal.com DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 27


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