compounds and from storage conditions. However, a recent study showed that vitamin A is 12% less degraded in a typical premix for piglet feeds when mixed with Animine products (potentiated zinc oxide HiZox®
and CoRouge® ) than with zinc and copper sulphate, even at a
mild temperature of 25°C (Figure 3). Attention given to vitamins’ stability in premixes and feeds is even
more critical after the ban of ethoxyquin, and especially when vitamins levels are reduced due to extremely high prices or product shortage.
Less antagonism with phytase Minerals like calcium, zinc, copper and iron may bind to phytic acid, thus lowering its solubility in the digestive tract. If such antagonists rapidly chelate phytate after ingestion, then its hydrolysis by endogenous or supplemented phytase will be impaired. This negative interaction will be severe in such conditions:
-by the supplementation of high dosages of trace minerals, -by the supplementation of readily soluble sources like sulphates, -when supplemented phytase is slow acting. Phytic acid has a strong affinity to bind with di and trivalent forms
of minerals. In contrast to other copper compounds, dicopper oxide is a monovalent form of metal. With a non-water soluble and monovalent source of copper, CoRouge®
is less likely to negatively interact with
the release of phytic phosphorous. This has been shown in an in vitro study performed by the University of Barcelona (Spain).
Figure 4: Effect of copper on P release 110.00
100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 0 15 150 Cu (mg/kg)
Direct intestinal absorption Active absorption of copper involves various intestinal transporters, the most important one being CTR1. Copper absorption depends on its oxidation state. Uptake of copper by CTR1 is possible only with the monovalent form of the copper ion, i.e. the cuprous form Cu+
other copper sources authorised in animal nutrition include copper ions in the divalent form, i.e. the cupric form Cu2+ membrane proteins are needed to reduce Cu2+
into Cu+
. Consequently, some ; currently, these
proteins are not fully identified, but the main hypothesis refers to Steap proteins, like Steap2, also identified as Fe3+ form of copper supplied from CoRouge® thus less prone to interferences.
reductase. A monovalent will be directly absorbable,
300 Effect of copper on P release
CoRouge® CuSO4
. However,
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Tel: (44) 7595 025110 FEED COMPOUNDER JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 PAGE 35
Relative P release %
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