Table 1: Comparison of 2008 to 2012 results (per kg of pork) 2008
Climate change
Eutrophication Acidification
Resource depletion
kg CO2 -eq
% change per year kg PO4
-eq
% change per year kg SO2
-eq
% change per year g Sb-eq
% change per year 6.18 0.072 0.207 0.0090 2009
5.93 4.0
0.059 3.6
0.201 2.7
0.0086 4.4
2010
5.88 0.9
0.068 1.8
0.198 1.5
0.0085 1.5
2011
4.55 22.6
0.063 7.3
0.191 3.7
0.0083 2.6
2012
4.55 0.0
0.059 1.0
0.187 1.8
0.0083 0.0
Change 2008- 2012
26.3% 18.2% 9.4% 8.3%
from soils. To control nitrous oxide, good recovery of nitrogen as a plant nutrient, is important, as is minimising excretion.
Chart 1: Contribution of key contributors to climate change
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Pig feed
Pig housing 2008 average
Source; Positive Progress12 We conducted a review of progress towards the targets set
in “Advancing Together” and progress was ahead of target. Feed composition and utilisation being the main influencer, Table 1. Thus feed and feeding is a key element in any strategy, whether voluntary, or compulsory. The “Low Carbon Transition Plan”13
which implements the “Climate Change Act” of 200814 set a GHG (climate change) reduction sector
target for agriculture of 15% by 2020. Whilst the sector has made good progress, the challenge to maintain this and improve remains, especially as the Climate Change Act requires UK GHG emissions by 2050 to be reduced by 80%. What Agricultures final contribution is to be is not yet known, however feed is going to be key.
Conclusions The impact of legislation designed to protect the environment on feeding of pigs, especially in the utilisation of nitrogen and phosphorous is starting to increase. Pigs and poultry are at the front with regards to these changes, but existing legislation has made producers and regulators aware of the issues and solutions. Use of LCA modelling confirms the importance of feed as a contributor to potential pollution caused by rearing of pigs, but also offers a solution in terms of impact.
Electricity 2012 average Slurry/Manure
References 1
The Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution (England and
Wales) Regulations 1996, SI 1996 No.888. 2
Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection
of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. 3
Directive. 4
http://apps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/141891.aspx 5 The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010, SI
2010 No.265. 6
Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Intensive Rearing
of Poultry or Pigs, Version 2, Germán Giner Santonja, Konstantinos Georgitzikis, Bianca Maria Scalet, Paolo Montobbio, Serge Roudier, Luis Delgado Sancho; Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Intensive Rearing
of Poultry or Pigs; EUR 28674 EN; doi:10.2760/020485 7
pollution-from-agriculture-ammonia 8
European Environment Agency (EEA), Air pollution from agriculture: ammonia exceeds emission limits in 2015.
https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/air-
Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild
fauna and flora. The Habitats Directive. 9
reporting, V4, June 2012. 10
2003/35/EC. 11
2011. 12
Environment Agency, Intensive farming guidance note, pollution inventory
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants and amending Directive
Advancing together, A roadmap for the English Pig Industry, BPEX. April Positive Progress, An Update on the Roadmap for the environmental
sustainability of the English Pig Industry, BPEX. January 2014. 13
Climate Change Act 2008, c27. HM Government.
The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan, National strategy for climate and energy, HM Government, 2009. 14
Council Directive 2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000, The Water Framework
It is clear that the feed sector needs to be kept abreast of changes and continue its close working relationship with producers, regulators and government alike.
This article is based on the text of a paper presented by Nigel Penlington at the recent Society of Feed Technologists Pigs Meeting
FEED COMPOUNDER JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 PAGE 29
Contribution of key contributors to climate change
(kg CO2 -eq per kg of pork)
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