Feature: Simulation
Figure 1: Single-stage common-emitter amplifier
Figure 2: Output voltage displayed on a virtual multimeter
Figure 3: Output waveform on a virtual oscilloscope
Figure 4: Frequency response of the amplifier components are ideal.
• Simulation hides some important concepts from students. For example, passing large currents through a resistor can overheat and damage it, which cannot be observed in a simulation.
Figure 5: The DC voltage at the base of the transistor
• Te voltages and currents in all parts of a circuit can easily be measured using a simulator.
• Tere’s no component ageing. • Te circuit configuration (e.g. the components) can easily be changed in simulation at no cost.
• Simulation can be used in remote engineering courses, where students can carry out experiments on their own schedule and at their own places of study.
Tere are also some important disadvantages of simulation that students should be aware of: • Because there are no component tolerances or ageing problems in simulation, students may get the idea that all real-world
The TINA simulator Tere are many commercially-available professional circuit simulators in the market. Educational establishments or private individuals also offer simulators that can be downloaded from the Internet free of charge. Some currently-available popular circuit simulators include Proteus, TINA, PSPICE, SiMetrix, CircuitLab, LTspice, Multisim, Micro-Cap, PLECS, CircuitLogix, and more. In this article we will look at the basic features and specifications
of the popular TINA simulation package. An example circuit simulation will also be presented – simulation of a simple electronic transistor amplifier circuit. TINA is a professional integrated computer simulation
program that includes schematic circuit design, analogue and digital circuit simulation, PCB design, filter design, RF circuit design, microcontroller system design, equation editor, logic design and other useful electronic design and simulation tools. The TINA software package was developed by DesignSoft
www.electronicsworld.co.uk December/January 2021 21
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