Connectors & cables
CONTINUED EVOLUTION DELIVERS THE USB4 SPECIFICATION In late 2019, the USB-IF announced the USB4 specification. Building on the architecture of USB 2.0 and USB 3.4, the USB4 specification is primarily based on the Thunderbolt protocol. Data transfer up to 40Gbits/s using a two-lane approach is accommodated using USB Type-C connectors and certified cables. Multiple display and data protocols can efficiently share the maximum bandwidth capability of USB4. Backward compatibility back to USB 2.0 is maintained, and, new for USB4, compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 devices. The USB-IF has set one of the USB4 goals to drive the convergence of focus to the USB Type-C into the future, removing the confusion associated with multiple legacy connector types. Creative industries such as video editing and animation have long benefited from the exceptional transfer rates offered by Thunderbolt 3, so the integration into USB4 offers multiple new use cases. USB4 also can tunnel other popular transfer protocols, including PCIe and DisplayPort. For a detailed introduction to USB4, readers will find the USB4 System Overview presentation from the USB-IF particularly informative. The USB-IF has continued to establish compliance and testing services for device manufacturers. With Type-C now finding a niche for chargers and power delivery applications, and the growth of USB4 for an increasing array of peripherals, the USB-IF has established the EnablingUSB website. The site showcases the new logos used to bring confidence to consumers that product certification has been achieved.
USB PRODUCT SHOWCASE Mouser offers a range of USB products from leading suppliers to aid engineers during the development and production of USB applications.
Figure 4 - How a USB host communicates using pipes to endpoints in a device (Source: Infineon)
Examples include a range of USB Type-C evaluation modules from FTDI Chip. The FT233HP and FT4233HP modules provide high-speed USB Type-C connectivity with two Type-C ports. One Type-C port can function as either a sink to receive power or a power source port. The second port can only operate as a sink. The ports support multiple USB 3.0 power delivery profiles, ranging from + 5V to 20V. Serial host connectivity options include UART, SPI, I2C, and JTAG. The modules incorporate FTDI's High-Speed USB Bridge ICs - FT233HP and FT4233. These USB 3.0 compliant devices feature a 32-bit RISC controller and provide compatibility with USB 2.0 480Mbits/s and 12Mbits/s standards. The Microchip Technology USB58x and USB59x range of USB 3.1 Gen 1 compliant smart hub bridging ICs are capable of implementing six or seven USB 3.1 Gen 1 downstream ports, the ICs incorporate Microchip's port splitting technology that
permits a USB downstream port to be split between supporting USB 3.1 and USB 2.0 devices concurrently. The bridging capabilities of the USB58 and USB59 allow them to interface I2C, SPI, or GPIOs over USB seamlessly. The Microchip EVB-USB5816 evaluation board is a perfect demonstration and prototyping platform for the USB5816 series of bridging ICs. Figure 5 highlights the internal architecture of the Microchip USB5816 bridging IC, illustrating its six-port downstream and the single port upstream capabilities. For USB power delivery applications, the Infineon/Cypress EZ-PD CCG3PA USB Type-C controller IC suits a variety of tablet and smartphone charger applications. Based on an Arm-Cortex-M0 processor core and system- level fault protection functions such as under voltage, overvoltage, and output overcurrent, the IC complies with the USB-IF Power Delivery 3.0 specification.
USB GOES FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH
The universal serial bus has established itself as the defacto short-range, high-speed, wired interface of choice for virtually any item of equipment. In the past few years, with the advent of USB Type-C connectors and an emphasis on its role in power delivery, USB has taken further strides to broaden its appeal and popularity even further.
Integrating USB connectivity and power delivery into a design's specification is an essential criterion for hardware engineers and embedded systems developers. Leading semiconductor vendors offer a full range of USB-IF compliant interfaces, controllers, and power delivery ICs on which to base a design. Evaluation boards, development kits, and reference designs help speed a new development from concept to reality.
Figure 5 - The four transfer type endpoints - transfer speeds indicated refer to USB 2 specification (Source: Infineon)
18 Mouser Electronics
www.mouser.com September 2023 Instrumentation Monthly
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