Trans RINA, Vol 161, Part A4, Intl J Maritime Eng, Oct-Dec 2019 5. CONCLUSION
This study adopted the example of the Port of Kaohsiung to investigate the evolution of a regional hub port. Import/export cargo, affected mostly by local economy, was not included in discussion. Shipping carriers’ operating costs were used to evaluate whether selected hub ports offered cost advantages for transshipment. In fact, a number of conventional container ports in East Asia, such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Xiamen, and Busan, are in a similar situation to Kaohsiung, characterized by changes in shipping line structure and a reduced number of trunk routes, the transformation of local industries, stagnating container volume growth, the upsizing of ships, and pressure from strategic alliances. Major conventional ports can maintain their hub position and prevent their decline only by contemplating various cost-related problems from the business perspective of shipping carriers and identifying means of attracting route deployments and container ships.
This study found that Kaohsiung has already been transformed from an intercontinental to a regional hub port, after facing external threats over the years (e.g., ship upsizing, lack of new deep-water terminals, and the impact of new strategic alliances on terminal operations). Kaohsiung has long since lost its connection to numerous Far East–Europe trunk routes even though it retains its geographical advantages and remains an attractive port on T/P trunk routes for North America. Although route deployments and port selections are based on shipping cost considerations, which vary according to container quantity and ship size, Kaohsiung remains lightly attractive and advantageous for container carriers operating on T/P routes.
At present, other international container ports in East Asia are far superior to the major container ports in Taiwan, whether in terms of terminal size, mechanical facilities, or resource abundance. Kaohsiung must strive to build new deep-water terminals and put its seventh container terminal into operation as soon as possible while enhancing the overall operating efficiency of its terminals. Such efforts are the key to attracting a continual supply of container ships and maintaining Kaohsiung’s position as a regional hub port.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC, for providing partial
106-2410-H-022-004. funding under contract MOST
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