Trans RINA, Vol 161, Part A4, Intl J Maritime Eng, Oct-Dec 2019
come to the front and become an advanced country in the field of maritime in the future with a convenient and efficient policy.
3. METHODOLOGY
As mentioned, SWOT-AHP integrated method will be used in this study and a 2-stage system will be applied. First, SWOT analysis will be carried out and as a result of this, the strategies of SO, WO, ST and WT will be determined. In the second stage, the most appropriate strategy as a result of SWOT analysis will be determined by applying AHP.
In SWOT analysis; the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Turkey's maritime transportation will be determined. In order to determine these, the past and recent studies on maritime transportation will be examined and the opinions of the experts in the maritime areas will be utilized (Celik and Kandakoglu, 2012). As a result of a SWOT study, the components are compared to each other and one of the four main strategies of SO, WO, ST and WT is recommended (Arslan and Turan, 2009).
SO strategies are the strategy of a company, organization or policy that is used for obtaining the inherent strength of the situation to be taken advantage of external opportunities (Arslan and Turan, 2009). All managers and policy-makers wish to ensure that their situation or events meet these requirements.
WO strategies are the strategies to use the opportunities offered by the external environment (Arslan and Turan, 2009). This strategy is implemented by taking into account the weaknesses of the situation or event to be analyzed.
ST strategies are the strategies that block the threats from the external environment of the situation or event to be analyzed (Arslan and Turan, 2009). It is a strategy that allows the efforts to reduce or minimize the disadvantages.
WT strategies are strategies for minimizing or avoiding threats from the external environment by taking into account the weaknesses of the situation or event to be analyzed (Arslan and Turan, 2009).
The components of the SWOT matrix indicate the necessary alternatives. The AHP model can be established by using the main criteria as opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses and the alternatives as SO, WO, ST and WT strategies.
4. SWOT ANALYSIS (1st STAGE)
The history of SWOT analysis dates back to the 1960s. It is a decision analysis method that has been used and disposed for decision support for many years (Stahlbock
and Voss, 2011). The main objective of the SWOT analysis is to describe strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and to transform weaknesses to strengths and to turn threats into opportunities to create a source of information for strategies (Kececi and Arslan, 2017). The most important aspect of the SWOT analysis is that it allows the organization to evaluate both internal and external situation.
After the SWOT analysis and determination of the directions of the enterprises or businesses, a matrix is created (Joyce, 2015). The created matrix presents the opportunities beyond the enterprise together with the strengths to be used to turn these opportunities into success, the risks that pose the business and the weaknesses that may be dangerous.
With the help of this introduction, Turkey’s strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the field of maritime transportation can be explored and diagnosed in many ways. These can be determined by conducting a scientific survey, documents, reports, publication screening or literature review. As a result of SWOT analysis, the factors that may and will have an impact on maritime transportation can be revealed more concretely.
SWOT analysis can be done in two sub-analyzes (Celik and Kandakoglu, 2012). One of them is the analysis of the internal environment that shows the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. The other sub-analysis is the external environment analysis and that identifies opportunities and threats that may affect the organization.
4.1
DETERMINING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
If Turkey's maritime transportation’s internal environment to be investigated; the subdomain of maritime related institutions, organizations, companies, associations and areas of maritime trade in Turkey should be examined. In addition, the relationship between these institutions, organizations, corporations and companies in sub-areas related to maritime trade should be examined (Alderton and Saieva, 2013).
The maritime shipbuilding market and the institutions providing maritime education can also be considered in internal analysis in Turkey. These also include maritime companies, institutions and organizations that set up maritime legislation. People who are competent in maritime, ministries and maritime law are in direct interaction with the maritime sector (Shi and Li, 2017). These institutions and organizations that make up the maritime legislation provide international and national norms, laws and rules to the shipbuilding sector, the maritime education institutions and the maritime companies (Alderton and Saieva, 2013). The formation of new companies, the construction of new ships, the construction of new ports and marinas, and the opening of new educational institutions are the key elements to be considered in the internal environment analysis (Rodrigue et al., 2009).
©2019: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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