Trans RINA, Vol 161, Part A4, Intl J Maritime Eng, Oct-Dec 2019


As mentioned in the previous sections of the study, countries such as Greece, Liberia and Panama are the flag of convenience countries and these countries facilitate transportation and transportation activities; countries such as Norway, USA and UK have well educated seamen, seafarers and advanced maritime legislation; countries such as China, Singapore, Japan and South Korea are the leading countries in ship building industry, economy, raw materials processing and transportation; countries such as USA, UK, Russia, France and Germany are advanced countries for providing maritime security and safety (Kolesnikova, 2017). These countries are different in all areas of maritime as well as having different characteristics. It is an important right to take advantage of the seas in the world whether or not the country has a sea or ocean coasts (Roe, 2010). For this reason, countries have developed in different areas in order to use this right in maritime domain.


After the elements and methods mentioned above in the external environment analysis, the opportunities and threats for Turkey’s maritime transportation can be determined. The opportunity can be defined as any situation that the environment offers to the businesses or enterprises and can be used to achieve the goals successfully (Alavi, 2018). In


other words, the opportunity can be expressed as the paths that provide real opportunities for future growth and the most potential to improve the competitive advantage.


The opportunities in Turkey's maritime transportation are set out in Table 2. The maritime domain and economic partners in Turkey cannot create opportunities themselves, however they can develop strategies that will best use these opportunities by identifying themost available of them.


Threats are situations that make it difficult or impossible for the businesses or companies to realize objectives (Alavi, 2018). Environmental factors may adversely affect the future performance of the company. Threats don’t always come from outside. There may be situations in which the internal nature of the firm is the source of the threats. The enterprise cannot reduce threats, but may be aware of threats and develop strategies to minimize them, and even turn threats into opportunities. Threats in Turkey’s maritime transportation are set out in Table 2 also.


As a result of internal environmental analysis and external environmental analysis, opportunities and threats have been identified with strong and weak aspects of Turkey's maritime transportation.


Table 2. Threats and opportunities of the maritime transportation in Turkey No Threats


T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6


Not Providing The Security Of The Seas (Terror, Sea Bandits, Smuggling, etc ..)


Failure To Ensure Safety In The Seas (Cracking Events, Sea Accidents, Ashore, etc.)


Pollution In The Marine Zones


Not Enough Capability Of Docking Ships or Yachts in Ports, Harbor and Marinas (capacity, depth and port workforce, etc.)


Economic Depressions in Maritime Sector Illegal Migrations By Way Of Sea


T7 More Progress Of The Countries Near In Maritime T8 T9


O1 Taking Orders in the Shipbuilding Industry O2 Commercial and Economic Developments


O3 Development Of Maritime Tourism (Cruise, Coastal Areas, Water Sports, etc.)


O4 Participation in International Institutions and Organizations (BM-IMO, EU- EMSA)


O5 Increasing The Number And Quality Of The Institutions and Schools Related With Maritime Education


O8 Improvement of Coastal Structures (Harbor, Marina, Pier)


O9 Technological Developments And Their Appliance To Maritime Sector O10 Turkey’s EU Membership and Its Positive Effects on Maritime


Possibility Of Entering Black List Of Turkish Flagged Ships Time Of IMO Rules’ Entry Into Force


T10 Inability Of Grasping The Maritime Issues From Ministries and People No Opportunities


Source Pyc, 2016


Ugurlu et al., 2017; Yılmaz et al., 2016


Jay, 2018; Kara andEmecen Kara, 2016


Bellas, 2014


Kolesnikova, 2017; Celik and Kandakoglu, 2012


Suarez-de Vivero and Rodriguez- Mateos, 2018 Alavi, 2018


Celik and Akyuz, 2018 Walker, 2016


Fritz and Hanus, 2015 Source


Graziano et al., 2017 Kose et al., 2018


Gonzalez-Laxe et al., 2016 Garamendi, 2015 Ugurlu et al., 2017


O6 International Collaborations or Agreements on the Use of Marine Resources Walker, 2016; Karan, 2007 O7 Taking Pre-positions in Ship Transformation and Recycling Sector


Shi and Li, 2017


Accorsi et al., 2014; Emecen Kara, 2016 Pyc, 2016


Fritz and Hanus, 2015


©2019: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects


A-441


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