Trans RINA, Vol 161, Part A4, Intl J Maritime Eng, Oct-Dec 2019 DETERMINISTIC-BASED SHIP ANTI-COLLISION ROUTE OPTIMIZATION WITH
WEB-BASED APPLICATION (DOI No: 10.3940/rina.ijme.2019.a4.537)
R Fışkın, Ordu University, Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences, Turkey, E Nasibov, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Science, Turkey andM O Yardımcı, Ege University, International Computer Graduate School, Turkey SUMMARY
Most of the accidents are caused by human error at sea so, decision making process made by navigators should be more computerised and automated. The supported decision making can be a step forward to decrease the risk of collision. This paper, in this respect, aims to present a deterministic approach to support optimum collision avoidance trajectory. This approach involves a collision avoidance course alteration. A web-based application coded with "JavaScript" programming language on the "Processing" software platform which allows the own ship to change her course in a deterministic manner to avoid collision optimally has been introduced. Algorithm structure of the method has been formulated and organized according to the International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs). The experimental tests results have revealed that the system is practicable and feasible and considerably outperforms heuristic-based method. It is thought that the developed method can be applied in an intelligent avoidance system on board and provides contribution to ship collision avoidance process, automation of ship motion control and ship traffic engineering.
NOMENCLATURE ACO
AIS
ARPA BFO
COLREGs CPA
CSBA DLSA DSSA DTSA ECDIS
GA
GPS IMO LOS OS
TBA
TBADSS TS
USV ∆
,() kn
n/a
Nm RBts RD
s
SD t1
t2 Ant Colony Optimization
Automatic Identification System Automatic Radar Plotting Aid Bacteria Foraging Optimization
International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea
Closest Point Approach
Cat Swarm Biological Algorithm Distributed Local Search Algorithm Distributed Stochastic Search Algorithm Distributed Tabu Search Algorithm
Electronic Chart Display and Information System
Genetic Algorithm Global Positioning System
International Maritime Organization Line-of-Sight Own Ship
Trajectory Base Algorithm
Trajectory Base Algorithm Decision Support System Target Ship
WBDA Web-Based Deterministic Algorithm
Unmanned Surface Vehicle Course of the OS
Course of the TS Discriminant
The instantaneous distance between the ships at time t
Knot (mile/hour) Not available Nautical mile
Relative bearing of TS
A final point distance to return the OS to its original route second
Ship domain size in radius Moment of entry to SD
©2019: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
In parallel with the increasing volume of international trade, the demand for maritime transport is increasing day by day. Due to the fact that the vast majority of world trade is carried out by sea transportaiton, the density of vessel traffic in international navigable waters increases and this causes high risk for collision (Mou et al., 2010: 483; Christiansen et al., 2007). In case of a collision at sea, the environment, economy and life are undoubtedly negatively affected (Kim et al., 2017: 699). Despite of the fact that the many measures and technological advances have been conducted in ship navigation, collision still have the great percentage within maritime accidents (Sormunen et al., 2016). Many maritime accident investigation reveals that 90% of maritime accidents, especially collisons, are caused by human errors. In this respect, collision comprises one major safety concern at sea (Xu, 2014: 268). Enhancing navigation intelligence may be one of the most effective ways to increase maritime safety (Zhang et al., 2015:336).
In practice, the collision avoidance process in sea navigation is usually performed under the navigators’ own judgement and experience (Wang et al., 2017: 486). The navigational aids located in a ship which assist the navigators in decision making comprise Automatic Identification System (AIS), Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) Radar. The aids are able to provide information about navigational environment such as shallows, obstacles, other ships, etc. ARPA, in particular, can report a potential
A-345
(, ) (, )
1.
Moment of exit from the SD Position of the OS Position of the TS Speed of the OS Speed of the TS
INTRODUCTION
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