Trans RINA, Vol 161, Part A4, Intl J Maritime Eng, Oct-Dec 2019
DETERMINING THE MARITIME TRANSPORTATION POLICY OF TURKEY (DOI No: 10.3940/rina.ijme.2019.a4.556)
A Erdoğan and G Kara, Maritime Transportation Management Engineering, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Turkey SUMMARY
Maritime transportation, Turkey’s position in the sector and determining Turkey’s maritime transportation policy with the help of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) - AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) integrated method is researched within all details. First of all, the maritime transportation and the position of Turkey in maritime transportation are indicated briefly. The progress and the position of maritime transportation in the world and the status of the maritime transportation in Turkey are all examined. Secondly, the method of the research is shown and SWOT - AHP integrated method is explained. After that, SWOT - AHP method has been performed to select the best alternative. Finally; it has been discovered that SO (using strengths to catch opportunities) is the best alternative that can determine Turkey’s maritime transportation policy rather than WO (using opportunities to avoid weaknesses), ST (using strengths to avoid threats) and WT (realizing weaknesses to avoid threats).
1. INTRODUCTION
International trade and maritime transportation have begun before the ages and maintained their globality (Jay, 2018; Alavi, 2018). Maritime and trade issues have been globalized throughout history and have evolved accordingly (Gonzalez-Laxe et al., 2016). Maritime transportation and globalization are the factors that influence each other mutually (Graziano et al., 2017). Maritime transportation is a concept that concerns all countries, nations, economies, organizations, businesses and institutions in the world (Pyc, 2016; Ekberg et al., 2015). Maritime transportation is closely related with components like economy, trade, military power, international relations, tourism, law, politics, strategy, management sciences, engineering, business and diplomacy (Fritz and Hanus, 2015;Walker, 2016).
Maritime transportation policy should have a purpose and application that includes larger objectives (Rodrigue et al., 2009). It is necessary to select the objectives carefully in order to have a better maritime transportation policy (Alderton and Saieva, 2013).
In this context, Turkey’s international trade and maritime transportation have not developed much due to the economic situation and location even she is surrounded by seas. The use of the seas has a low share of transportation, economy and trade in Turkey (Kose et al., 2018; Soner et al., 2017). There are many institutions, organizations, scholars and statesmen who work to develop and lead the shipping and maritime issues of Turkey that she deserves an advanced position in the world (Celik and Topcu, 2014). But this is not easy for a country that defines itself as a terrestrial country throughout history and maintains its continental culture accordingly. In general, the policies for maritime development should be established and the appropriate ones should be put into effect. In this way, Turkey can show growth in maritime transportation.
There are many methods for a best policy to determine in the field of maritime (Shi and Li, 2017; Celik and Topcu,
2014). A policy that can be identified with the SWOT- AHP model can be a good alternative. A model to be created using the data and analysis related with the maritime transportation will help to determine the maritime transportation policy of Turkey. That model will be able to provide the growth in shipping and maritime.
In order to analyze the available data, many methods of numerical analysis can be used, and different methods such as market analysis, comparative analysis, input- output model, system analysis, statistical analysis, data envelopment analysis or mathematical analysis may be used (Soner et al., 2017). But maritime science is an interdisciplinary science, addressing many different fields and being directly related to human factor. So, SWOT- AHP integrated method makes it more convenient to analyze maritime data and knowledge.
In the SWOT-AHP integrated method, the SWOT analysis and the complementary AHP method are used for the installation of the model. Instead of AHP; other multi- criteria decision making methods such as ANP, TOPSIS, VIKOR and ELECTRE can also be used in other methods of analysis.
In general, transportation refers to the interchange and movement of people or goods from one place to another (Rodrigue et al., 2009). In the era of globalization that we are in, transportation which includes the access and change of information, money and services from one place to another, is expressed by the same concept of logistics (Fritz and Hanus, 2015; Maier, 2014). In practice, transportation and logistics influence the texture of human societies in areas such as economics, engineering, politics, resource utilization, social interaction and recreation (Keeling, 2007). Road transportation, rail transportation, maritime and waterway transportation, pipelines and data cables are important transportation modes (Shi and Li, 2017; Graziano et al., 2017).
The maritime transportation, a sub-unit of transportation, is intertwined with the concept of maritime logistics, and often these two terms are used to refer to similar sectors
©2019: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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