Numbers Green fields Global greenhouse gas emissions from food production
Global emissions 52.3 billion tonnes of CO2
-equivalents Retail: 3%
Packaging: 5% Transport: 6%
Food processing: 4% Wild fi sheries: 1%
18% 31%
Livestock and fi sh farms 30% of food emissions
Crops for animal feed 6% of food emissions
Crops for human food 21% of food emissions
Land use for human food 8% of food emissions
Land use for livestock 16% of food emissions
Licensed under CC-BY by the author Hannah Ritchie (Nov 2022).
27% 24%
Crop production Supply chain
Livestock & fi sheries Methane from cattle (enteric fermentation)
Manure management Pasture management Fuel use in fi sheries
Top fi ve agri-food companies emit more than Shell
Annual greenhouse gas emissions from selected companies (million tonnes)
Selection of top-three oil giants 577
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Exxon Mobil
Land use
Land use change: 18% Cultivated organic soils: 4% Savannah burning: 2%
Data source: Joseph Moore & Thomas Nemecek (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Published in Science.
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
508 448
Shell
BP
Top fi ve meat & dairy companies 578.3
JBS-Friboi 280.2
Tyson Foods 118.1
Cargill 86.3
Fonterra 41.5
The environmental impacts of food and agriculture 26% of greenhouse gas emissions come from food
Greenhouse gas emissions
Land use
Freshwater withdrawals Eutrophication
Mammal biodiversity Bird
biodiversity Food 13.7 billion tonnes CO2 eq
Agriculture 51 million km2
Non-food 38.7 billion tonnes CO2 eq 50% of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture
Forests, shrub, urban area, freshwater 51 million km2
70% of global freshwater withdrawals are used for agriculture Agriculture
70% of freshwater withdrawals
78% of global ocean and freshwater pollution Agriculture
78% of global eutrophication
Industry (19%) Households (11%)
Other sources 22%
94% of global mammal biomass (excl. humans) is livestock Livestock
94% of global mammal biomass (excluding humans) 71% of global bird biomass is poultry livestock
Poultry livestock 71% of bird biomass
Data sources: Poore & Nemecek (2018); UN FAO; UN AQUASTAT; Bar-On et al. (2018).
OurWorldinData.org - Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems. Licensed under CC-BY by the author Hannah Ritchie Date published: November 2022.
6 Wild birds 29% of bird biomass
Ag tech can cut billions of tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions
Ingredients Insight /
www.ingredients-insight.com
mammals (6%)
Wild
10.3 billion metric tonnes 8.2 billion metric tonnes
Planting trees on unused farmland
Encouraging a ‘fl exitarian diet’ around the globe
5.2 billion metric tonnes 2.4 billion metric tonnes 1.7 billion metric tonnes
Applying biochar to croplands Supplementing livestock feed Adding silicate rock dust to crop soils
Dairy Farmers of America 55.2
By 2050, changes to ag tech and diet could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by:
Food: 26%
Non-food: 74%
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